Available Capacities of Lithium - ion Batteries

　　Lithium - ion batteries come in a wide range of capacities, catering to diverse applications from small - scale consumer electronics to large - scale industrial and energy storage systems.

　　Capacities in Consumer Electronics

　　In the realm of consumer electronics, lithium - ion batteries typically have relatively small capacities. For instance, in smartphones, the battery capacity usually ranges from 2000mAh to 6000mAh. A mid - range smartphone might be equipped with a 4000mAh battery. This capacity allows the device to power various components such as the display, processor, and communication modules for a reasonable amount of time between charges, considering the relatively low - power consumption of these components during normal usage.

　　For tablets, the capacities are generally higher, often between 5000mAh and 10000mAh. A tablet with a 7000mAh battery can support longer - term use, such as extended video streaming, gaming, or e - reading sessions, due to its larger display and potentially more power - hungry applications compared to smartphones.

　　Portable power banks, which are used to recharge other devices on - the - go, also have a wide range of capacities. Small, pocket - sized power banks may have a capacity of 3000mAh to 5000mAh, suitable for providing a quick charge to a smartphone. Larger, high - capacity power banks can reach up to 20000mAh or even 30000mAh, capable of charging multiple devices or recharging a tablet several times.

　　Capacities in Electric Vehicles

　　In the electric vehicle (EV) industry, lithium - ion batteries have much larger capacities. A compact electric car might have a battery pack with a capacity of 30 - 50 kWh (kilowatt - hours). Since 1 kWh is equivalent to 1000Wh and considering the voltage of a typical EV battery pack (around 300 - 400V), the capacity in ampere - hours (Ah) can be calculated. For example, a 40 kWh battery pack with a nominal voltage of 350V has a capacity of approximately 114Ah (40000Wh / 350V).

　　Larger electric vehicles like electric buses or trucks may have battery capacities ranging from 100 kWh to 500 kWh or more. These high - capacity batteries are necessary to provide the substantial amount of energy required to power the large electric motors and ensure a sufficient driving range, often hundreds of kilometers, for these vehicles.

　　Capacities in Energy Storage Systems

　　Energy storage systems, whether for residential, commercial, or grid - scale applications, use lithium - ion batteries with capacities that can vary widely. A small residential energy storage system might have a capacity of 5 - 10 kWh, which can store excess energy generated by solar panels during the day for use at night or during power outages.

　　Commercial and industrial energy storage systems can have capacities in the range of 100 kWh to several megawatt - hours (MWh). A 1 MWh energy storage system is equivalent to 1000 kWh. Grid - scale energy storage systems, which play a crucial role in stabilizing the power grid, can have capacities of multiple MWh, sometimes up to tens or even hundreds of MWh, to manage large - scale power fluctuations and store energy for peak - shaving purposes.

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