What is solar photovoltaic technology?

　　The sun is a natural source of energy. Every living creature on earth has the ability to function, and even its survival, due to the energy that comes directly or indirectly from the sun. Our Earth is approximately 100 million miles from the sun. The amount of radiant energy it intercepts is incredibly small (about 3 parts per 10 million). Such a small amount of energy is actually 100,000 times greater than the current power generation capacity of the entire world. At present, the world, especially industrially developed countries, are beginning to feel energy shortages. Therefore, people are beginning to turn to solar energy to solve the energy crisis.

　　Solar energy is available in unlimited supply every day, and in huge quantities. If used in large power plants, the greenhouse effect will be reduced. Some energy experts and environmental protection experts believe that in meeting human energy needs in the future, the thermal impact of solar energy is much smaller than that of any other alternative. As a new energy source that does not pollute the environment and is inexhaustible, it is everywhere. Especially in terms of power supply, some experts believe that solar power generation will eventually account for 20% of the power supply.

　　Solar energy is a kind of radiant energy, and solar power generation means that to convert sunlight directly into electrical energy, it must be converted into electrical energy with the help of an energy converter. The process of directly converting light energy into electrical energy is specifically called the photovoltaic effect. Without any other mechanical components, the energy in the light is obtained by the electrons of the semiconductor device, thus generating electrical energy. This energy converter that converts light energy into electrical energy is a solar cell. Solar cells, like transistors, are composed of semiconductors. Its main material is silicon, but there are also some other alloys. The high-purity silicon used to manufacture solar cells must undergo special purification processes. As long as the solar cell is illuminated by sunlight or light, it can convert light energy into electrical energy, causing current to flow from one side to the other. Generally, it can emit electricity equivalent to 10~20% of the received light energy. Generally speaking, the stronger the light, the more electricity is produced. In order to minimize light reflection and convert light energy into electrical energy, a solar panel is generally covered with a film that prevents light reflection, making the surface of the solar panel appear purple. The basis of its working principle is the photovoltaic effect of the semiconductor PN junction. The so-called photovoltaic effect is an effect in which when an object is exposed to light, the charge distribution state in the object changes to generate electromotive force and current. When sunlight or other light irradiates the PN junction of a semiconductor, a voltage (called photogenerated voltage) will appear on both sides of the PN junction. This phenomenon is known as the photovoltaic effect. Short-circuiting the PN junction will cause current to flow.

　　The main advantage of solar power generation is that solar cells can be installed in unused spaces such as roofs. They are noise-free and have a long life. Once installed, they rarely require adjustment. Now, as long as the roof is filled with solar cells, you can achieve self-sufficiency in electricity at home. The main uses of solar energy today are no longer small-scale but, by nature, specialized. It has played a major role in special fields, communications fields, and urban construction fields. Venezuela has also launched cheap solar cars, and European scientists have developed lightweight solar cells that can be worn on the body. At present, there is huge room for development in the utilization of solar energy, and relevant technologies may achieve breakthroughs in a short period of time. It has been adopted by many developed countries as an important part of their energy strategies.

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