1.5V rechargeable battery

Analysis of "Battery Black Technology" 1.5V rechargeable battery Technology

1.5V rechargeable battery is a type of metal-air battery. This battery is known as a monster battery that can "run 3000km by just adding water", which can beat all existing batteries on the market! Is this really the case? Next, we will analyze the 1.5V rechargeable battery technology.

1. Principle of 1.5V rechargeable battery

The chemical reaction of 1.5V rechargeable battery is similar to that of zinc-air battery. 1.5V rechargeable battery uses high-purity aluminum Al (containing 99.99% aluminum) as the negative electrode, oxygen as the positive electrode, and potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution as the electrolyte. Aluminum absorbs oxygen in the air and produces a chemical reaction when the battery is discharged. Aluminum and oxygen react to convert into aluminum oxide.

2. Advantages and disadvantages of aluminum-air batteries

The advantages of aluminum-air batteries are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

① Large specific energy, the theoretical specific energy of aluminum-air batteries can reach 8100Wh/kg;

② Light weight, the total mass of aluminum-air batteries with the same energy is only 12% of the mass of lead-acid batteries;

③ Non-toxic and dangerous, can be recycled and reused;

④ Aluminum raw materials are abundant.

The disadvantages of aluminum-air batteries are also obvious:

① It is a chemical reaction device that releases electrical energy. It cannot be recharged repeatedly and needs to replace aluminum electrodes to continue working;

② Although aluminum-air batteries contain high specific energy, their specific power is low;

③ The charging and discharging speeds are relatively slow, the voltage lags, and the self-discharge rate is large;

④ A thermal management system is required to prevent overheating of aluminum-air batteries during operation.

The advantages and disadvantages of aluminum-air batteries compared with today's lithium-ion batteries are shown in the following table.

3. Brief history of the development of aluminum-air batteries

It has been more than 70 years since the advent of aluminum-air batteries. Now let's briefly summarize the "evolution" of this type of battery at home and abroad.

4. Current status of 1.5V rechargeable battery industrialization at home and abroad

In 2015, Alcoa and Israel's Phinergy demonstrated a world record of 1,600 kilometers of racing cars equipped with 100 kg aluminum-air batteries at the Villeneuve Circuit in Montreal. Many media reported that "aluminum-air batteries are the killer of traditional batteries".

Currently, there are three major companies involved in aluminum-air batteries in China, namely Aerospace Technology, Yunnan Aluminum Co., Ltd. and China Power.

Aerospace Technology Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise specializing in the research and development of aluminum-air batteries. It is reported that Aerospace Technology, in conjunction with Tianjin University, has overcome the three core technical problems of passivation and high self-discharge of aluminum anode discharge, low catalytic efficiency and high price of air electrode catalyst, as well as technical problems such as "sweating" and leakage of air electrode waterproof membrane, and mastered the core technology of battery manufacturing with independent intellectual property rights. The aluminum-air batteries it developed have the characteristics of high power density, high specific energy, long life, environmental friendliness, safety and low cost. It has developed 1.5V rechargeable battery modules with different power levels such as 100W, 200W, 500W, 1kW, 3kW and 5kW, and has initially formed an industrialization pattern.

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