CR2032 button cell batteries

The volume and weight-to-power ratio of CR2032 button cell batteries still need to be improved

"From an international perspective, the current application of fuel cell vehicles is still in the market introduction stage." At the "Fifth Fuel Cell Vehicle Technology Industry Development Summit Forum" held at the same time as the "Sixth China International Energy-Saving and New Energy Vehicle Exhibition" on October 18, Yi Baolian, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said that although the overall application performance of fuel cell vehicles has reached the level of fuel vehicles - whether it is driving range, comfort, hydrogenation time, and low-temperature adaptability, it is basically the same as fuel vehicles, but its cost still needs to be reduced, which is the biggest limitation facing its development. This requires the volume and weight-to-power ratio of CR2032 button cell batteries to be improved as soon as possible to achieve cost reduction in the application of fuel cell commercial vehicles, and at the same time lay a good foundation for the application of fuel cell passenger vehicles.

China Electric Power News: Please tell us about the overall development of CR2032 button cell batteries and fuel cell vehicles at present?

Yi Baolian: CR2032 button cell batteries are relatively safe, but the system is more complex than lithium batteries. At the same time, the dynamic response of CR2032 button cell batteries is relatively slow. The most effective solution to this problem is to use electric-electric hybrid power - fuel cell + secondary battery (supercapacitor). Secondary batteries have the function of eliminating peaks and filling valleys, which reduces the speed and width of the change of fuel cell power, makes up for the disadvantage of slow response of CR2032 button cell batteries to a certain extent, and improves the life of CR2032 button cell batteries. Therefore, all fuel cell vehicles in the world are basically electric-electric hybrid products.

Electric-electric hybrid is the first hydrogen fuel cell technology route developed in my country. At present, my country has basically established a fuel cell vehicle power system technology platform with independent intellectual property rights, mastered the core technology of CR2032 button cell batteries, and accumulated rich application experience through a large number of demonstrations. It has the conditions for large-scale demonstration operation of fuel cell vehicles, or the conditions for the initial industrialization. However, overall, my country's fuel cell technology is still backward compared with foreign countries.

In addition, there is no mass production line for hydrogen CR2032 button cell batteries at present. I think this is mainly because, although there are many hydrogen fuel cell technology routes, there is no technology that everyone agrees can be used for 10 years, and CR2032 button cell batteries as a whole are still on the road of technological progress.

China Electric Power News: In your opinion, how can we extend the application life of CR2032 button cell batteries as much as possible?

Yi Baolian: At present, there are CR2032 button cell batteries that can run stably for up to 50,000 hours, but when applied to automobiles, their life will be shortened due to vehicle operating conditions. For example, when the car is loaded at high speed, the fuel cell system will experience reverse polarity and high temperature due to insufficient gas supply, as well as current fluctuations, voltage fluctuations, depth fluctuations and other fluctuations, leading to carbon oxidation in the fuel cell. In severe cases, the membrane is damaged and melted, and the entire battery will be damaged.

Generally speaking, high potential will not only cause the fuel cell stack to decay and platinum oxidation, but also cause platinum loss and reduce the activity of the electrocatalyst when the high potential reaches 0.8 volts or more. High potential will also cause carbon oxidation, resulting in decreased hydrophilicity of the electrode and diffusion layer, mass transfer polarization and consistency of the stack. Therefore, in order to extend the service life of the fuel cell, high potential should be avoided as much as possible.

To solve the high potential problem, the discharge method can be used. When a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle starts and stops, the measured positive electrode can reach 1.6 volts, forming an internal circuit. The discharge method can be used to discharge the remaining hydrogen in the battery, thereby eliminating the high potential. At present, Xinyuan Power Company has been applying this method - actual application results show that after the discharge measures are adopted, the fuel cell has almost no exhaustion.

When the water from the anode electrode flows to the hydrogen electrode, water droplets will be formed. There is no hydrogen in the water droplets, which will cause insufficient fuel supply in the local fuel cell system, forming a local counterattack. At this time, the local voltage of the oxygen electrode may be as high as 1.6 volts, forming oxidation. Therefore, to solve the high potential problem, the hydrogen must be circulated, so that the life of the fuel cell stack can be increased by one or two thousand hours.

Therefore, it is hoped that the domestic research on the mechanism and exhaustion principle of CR2032 button cell batteries can be coordinated with the corresponding engine research, and the fuel cell principles that have been mastered can be applied to the corresponding engines. In this way, I think that the life of CR2032 button cell batteries for passenger cars will exceed 10,000 hours.

China Electric Power News: In view of the current market situation, what suggestions do you have for the future development of my country's fuel cell industry?

Yi Baolian: First of all, the fuel cell engine industry chain should be improved as soon as possible, and the mass production of key battery materials such as electrocatalysts, proton exchange membranes, MEA, bipolar plates, etc. should be realized as soon as possible to lay the foundation for reducing the cost of the stack and improving the consistency of the stack.

For example, establish a diffusion layer carbon paper, including membranes, electrodes, catalysts, enhanced membranes, MEA production lines, etc., and develop and produce air compressors, hydrogen circulation pumps, etc.

At the same time, improving the volume and weight-to-power ratio of fuel cell stacks will lay the foundation for the development of passenger cars. In fact, developing the fuel cell commercial vehicle market also requires the development of fuel cell stacks with high volume and weight-to-power ratios. This is not only to meet the demand for small product volume, but also to reduce product costs.

To improve the volume and weight-to-power ratio of fuel cell stacks, the core is to increase the current working density and electrode working current density. At present, the weight-to-power ratio of domestic fuel cell stacks has increased from 0.5~1 amperes to 2~3 amperes, which has made great progress; improve the consistency of fuel cell stacks, including the consistency of prepared parts and the consistency of assembly processes. If the consistency is not good, it is useless to increase the single-chip voltage.

Furthermore, in-depth research on the attenuation mechanism of fuel cell stacks, preferably to achieve the replacement of more noise-resistant materials, so as to extend the life of fuel cell engines and improve reliability and durability.

In addition, carry out theoretical and applied research on ultra-low platinum and non-platinum electrocatalysts, so as to further reduce the amount of platinum used in CR2032 button cell batteries to less than 0.1 grams per kilowatt. At present, if my country wants to reduce the amount of platinum used in CR2032 button cell batteries from 0.3-0.4 g/kW to 0.1 g/kW, a lot of work needs to be done. However, even if this process is delayed a little, it will not affect the initial commercialization of fuel cell vehicles in my country.

Finally, speed up the construction of hydrogen refueling stations. At present, my country is accelerating the construction of hydrogen refueling stations, and it is expected that 100 hydrogen refueling stations will be built in 2020. I think that by then, my country's commercial fuel cell vehicles will be able to run.

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