After years of development, China has become the world's largest new energy
vehicle market, and power batteries, as its core components, have attracted much
attention. With the advancement of battery technology and the gradual maturity
of the new energy vehicle market, the market for power batteries has gradually
evolved from the pursuit of high energy density to the pursuit of high safety,
low cost, and recyclability.
■Strengthen active battery safety prevention and control
Several electric vehicle fire incidents that have occurred in recent times
have made the topic of safety unabated. At the 2019 China (Qinghai) Lithium
Industry and Power Battery International Summit Forum held recently, Ouyang
Minggao, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and vice chairman of
the China Electric Vehicles Association of 100, said that current safety
accidents are a fatal hazard to the development of the new energy vehicle
industry, and Thermal runaway of power batteries is the essence of safety
accidents.
Through in-depth research on the thermal-mechanical-electrical coupling
mechanism of thermal runaway in power batteries, it was found that the three
processes of thermal runaway inducement, occurrence and spread are: lithium
deposition during battery charging, internal short circuit in the battery,
single cell thermal runaway and battery system thermal runaway. Spread is the
root cause of safety problems. Methods such as fast charging control, battery
management, thermal design and thermal management can be used to achieve active
safety prevention and control of thermal runaway of power batteries.
Analysis of new energy vehicle accident statistics in 2018 found that a
large proportion of accidents occurred during charging. The reasons include:
improper fast charging causes lithium deposition in the battery, resulting in
rapid battery life decay and poor thermal stability; low level of charging
function safety design; Data communication during charging is not standardized,
etc. Ouyang Minggao pointed out that the current energy density of lithium-ion
batteries has reached 300Wh/kg and will continue to increase in the future. In
this case, the requirements for battery safety prevention and control technology
will also become higher and higher. The industry should focus on solving the
safety issues of lithium-ion batteries and develop safer power batteries to
ensure the smooth development of the electric vehicle industry.
Wang Nianju, executive vice president of Tianjin Lishen Battery Co., Ltd.,
holds a similar view. He believes that at least in the next 10 years,
lithium-ion batteries will still be the main solution for electric vehicle
power. While improving battery energy density, it is also necessary to improve
the design and The manufacturing process ensures the high safety of the
battery.
In addition to the technical aspects, in what aspects should battery safety
be ensured? In this regard, as an authoritative vehicle testing organization in
Europe, Zeng Mu, executive vice president of Dekai Group and president of East
and South Asia, pointed out that the safety of electric vehicles and power
batteries must not only focus on the design level, but also pay attention to the
role of testing and verification in ensuring safety. .
■Electrification creates new business formats
Electrification not only gives the automobile industry a completely new
look, but also accelerates cross-border integration between the automobile
industry and energy, technology and other industries. Due to the removable,
separable, and controllable characteristics of power batteries, vehicle
electrification continues to give rise to new industrial ecology and business
models.
Zhang Yongwei, secretary-general and chief expert of the China Electric
Vehicles Association of 100, released a topic report "Making Power Batteries
Flow: Full Life Cycle Asset Operation Management of Power Batteries" stating
that: As a mobile energy storage carrier, batteries can be effectively combined
with renewable energy. And participate in power grid regulation; batteries, as
separable special assets, can give birth to new business models, such as vehicle
or battery leasing models based on separation of vehicle and electricity,
time-sharing leasing models based on the sharing economy, etc.; batteries are
controllable intelligence The unit can be combined with intelligent and
networked technologies and integrated into the energy Internet system.
Zhang Yongwei said that the monitoring, evaluation, utilization,
regeneration and innovative financial models of power batteries are the key to
improving their full life cycle system. Among them, battery monitoring can
provide a basis for battery health status and value evaluation; battery
evaluation can solve the problem of difficult battery valuation; echelon
utilization is an intermediate link in the decommissioned battery cycle system,
helping to improve the use value of power batteries throughout their life cycle;
Valuable metals in scrapped batteries have resource recycling value; green
finance, including green credit, bonds, funds, insurance, etc., can help relieve
corporate capital pressure and reduce corporate operational risks.
■Battery recycling and reuse needs breakthroughs
As the production and sales of new energy vehicles and power battery
shipments continue to increase, how to recycle and reuse power batteries has
become a difficult problem facing the industry. According to statistics from
China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd., my country's new
energy vehicle power batteries will enter a large-scale scrapping period after
2018, and the scrap volume is expected to reach 480,900 tons in 2023. Among
them, lithium iron phosphate batteries account for the majority of scrapped
batteries from 2018 to 2020. It is expected that the scrap volume of ternary
batteries will begin to increase from 2021, and the scrap volume of ternary
batteries will be greater than that of lithium iron phosphate batteries in
2023.
my country's current power battery recycling policy is mainly reflected in
three aspects: first, implementing the extended producer responsibility system,
second, establishing and improving the power battery recycling system, and
third, strengthening industry supervision of enterprises. At present, my country
has initially formed a power battery echelon utilization and recycling system
with complete vehicles, batteries and third-party companies as the main body.
According to statistics from the Ministry of Industry and Information
Technology, by the end of 2018, the number of retired battery recycling service
outlets in my country had reached 3,204.
However, although certain results have been achieved, there are still many
problems in the battery recycling system and mechanism. For example, the access
conditions for battery echelon utilization enterprises are unclear, battery
decommissioning standards are unclear, technologies such as the evaluation and
dismantling of used batteries are immature, and the battery recycling and reuse
industry chain is relatively isolated and not well coordinated. According to
Zhao Xiaoyong, managing director of Beijing Saidemei Resource Recycling Research
Institute Co., Ltd., in the past three years, the number of battery recycling
companies has grown from more than 20 to more than 300, but only 30 to 40
companies actually have factories and are capable of environmental protection
inspections. .
Kong Qingxi, deputy general manager of Tower Energy Co., Ltd., said that
lithium batteries have advantages in energy density, cycle life and
environmental protection compared with traditional lead-acid batteries. With the
explosive growth of power battery retirements starting in 2019, reasonable
tiered utilization is the solution The key to eliminating worries about the
development of new energy vehicles is also an important means to solve the high
cost of new energy vehicles. Small-capacity, distributed base station backup
power is the best way to utilize power batteries in terms of safety and economy.
Best scene. He also pointed out that there are many new energy vehicle companies
in our country. If we independently establish recycling service outlets, it may
cause duplication of construction. There are also many corresponding
institutions such as recycling and dismantling companies and comprehensive
resource utilization companies, making coordination difficult. It is necessary
to explore shared joint ventures. Recycling mode.
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