In the view of many industry insiders, the two development routes of
hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and pure electric vehicles are not absolutely
parallel. The two can also overlap to achieve the complementary advantages of
the two routes.
Although hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, one of the "three verticals", have
been "neglected" in the past years, in the past two years, hydrogen fuel cell
vehicles are receiving more and more attention and attention in my country and
even around the world. Especially at the policy level, while subsidies for pure
electric vehicles are gradually declining, support for hydrogen fuel cell
vehicles has not diminished at all. With the support of the state and the
attention of enterprises, the development pace of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
has gradually accelerated in recent years. Therefore, in the development process
of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and pure electric vehicles, there is another
debate about who will "unify the world." However, in the opinion of many
industry insiders, the two development routes of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and
pure electric vehicles are not absolutely parallel. The two can also overlap to
achieve the complementary advantages of the two routes.
At the 2018 Global Future Mobility Forum held recently, many domestic car
companies talked about the exploration of "electric-electric hybrid" vehicles
that combine lithium batteries and hydrogen fuel cells. "This technical route is
not new recently." Zhang Tong, a professor at the School of Automotive
Engineering of Tongji University, said in an interview with a reporter from
China Automobile News that in view of the current situation that domestic fuel
cell power is generally low, "electric-electric hybrid" is the most popular one
at the moment. A development path suitable for China’s national conditions.
■Domestic and foreign car companies pay attention to the "electric-electric
hybrid" route
At a time when the large-scale promotion and popularization of hydrogen
fuel cell vehicles is still restricted by many factors, especially technical
level factors, the technical route of "electric-electric hybrid" has been
constantly mentioned in recent times.
At the Frankfurt International Auto Show held last year, Mercedes-Benz
announced the launch of its first plug-in hydrogen fuel cell hybrid vehicle, GLC
F-CELL. This product uses hydrogen fuel cells and lithium batteries as energy
sources. It is reported that this product can load 4.4kg of hydrogen fuel, and
the inflatable bottle is placed under the chassis, allowing the car to travel
437km before refilling. A 9kWh lithium-ion battery installed at the rear of the
vehicle can assist in driving the vehicle for 49km. Its operating modes include
dual energy hybrid, single fuel cell mode, single lithium battery mode and
charging mode. The vehicle in the hybrid mode can obtain power sources from the
dual power device, with the lithium-ion battery providing peak power and the
fuel cell simultaneously Can operate within optimal economic range.
China started on this technological route no later than foreign countries.
At the Second International Exchange Conference on the Development of Hydrogen
Energy and Fuel Cell Industry held at the end of last year, Yangtze River Public
Transport's "hydrogen" equipment was put into battle, realizing the commercial
operation of power batteries and hydrogen fuel cells in the "electric range
extension" mode. With the help of " "Electric-electric hybrid", the longest
driving range of Changzhong buses has increased from 390km in pure electric mode
to 600km in hybrid mode, and it only takes 10 to 20 minutes to refill hydrogen
fuel during operation. At the 2018 China Electric Vehicles Conference of 100
Forum held in January this year, Cao Zhong, chairman of Hangzhou Changjiang
Holdings Company, proposed that the combination of electric vehicles and
renewable energy will achieve a breakthrough in the new energy vehicle industry,
and hydrogen + electric hybrid will be the most A suitable technical route will
surely play a major role in the market segment of alternative fuel vehicles.
■Making up for power shortage and reducing costs are the main purposes
Why have domestic and foreign car companies begun to implement the
"electric-electric hybrid" technology route?
Zhang Tong told a reporter from China Automotive News that for domestic car
companies, there is still a certain gap between the technical level and foreign
advanced levels, making it difficult for the power of domestic hydrogen fuel
cell systems to reach the level of foreign car companies such as Hyundai and
Toyota. ; But on the other hand, the domestic lithium battery industry has
certain advantages, so it is more practical and economical to develop the
"electric-electric hybrid" technology route.
When talking about the original intention of foreign car companies, such as
Mercedes-Benz, to launch related products, Zhang Tong is more inclined to
believe that the purpose of foreign car companies developing "electric-electric
hybrid" vehicles is to reduce the production cost of hydrogen fuel cell
vehicles. In fact, even in Japan and South Korea, which are relatively mature
countries, the high production cost of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is still an
important factor that hinders their further large-scale promotion and
application. "By combining with lithium batteries, the power of the fuel cell
system can be appropriately reduced within a reasonable range, thereby reducing
product costs." Zhang Tong said.
Industry insiders pointed out that fuel cells have the problem of slow
dynamic response. When the operating status of the vehicle changes drastically
in a very short period of time (such as starting, rapid acceleration), the power
system is often unable to achieve the power required by the vehicle, but lithium
Batteries just solve these problems. The lithium battery provides the high power
required in unsteady conditions such as vehicle acceleration and deceleration,
while the fuel cell is used to provide output power under stable operating
conditions. In addition, "electric-electric hybrid" can solve the electronic
control problem of electric vehicles through lithium batteries, and at the same
time use hydrogen fuel cells to solve the driving problem of electric vehicles,
which can be said to kill two birds with one stone.
Hydrogen fuel cell technology research cannot be slacked off
Whether it is industry experts or business people, when talking about why
they advocate the "electric-electric hybrid" route, they all mention the topic
that there is still a certain gap between the current technical level of
domestic fuel cell systems and foreign advanced levels. They believe that , the
lithium battery that has made great progress at present can better make up for
this disadvantage. However, the author believes that based on the current status
of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle industry, we can use lithium batteries as a
power source to make up for the shortcomings of hydrogen fuel cell technology.
However, if we neglect the research and development of the core technology of
hydrogen fuel cell systems, we will not be able to use it in small businesses.
If you stop making progress in power products, you will lose more than you gain.
Perhaps, my country will become a "laggard" in the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle
industry.
Xie Jinshui, chief engineer of Wuhan Himalaya Optoelectronics Co., Ltd.,
once told the author that currently, most of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
installed in our country use foreign stacks and technologies, and the proportion
is estimated to be more than 70%. Relatively mature hydrogen Fuel cell systems
and hydrogen storage tank technologies are also in the hands of European,
American and Japanese manufacturers. In other words, my country’s hydrogen fuel
cell technology is far behind foreign advanced levels.
In order to promote the rapid improvement of domestic hydrogen fuel cell
system technology and keep up with the development of domestic vehicle
companies, the author believes that, first of all, vehicle companies should have
the awareness to lead and cultivate domestic suppliers, and carry out practical
and effective practices. Pay more attention to some domestic parts suppliers and
drive them to grow together; secondly, relevant government departments should
use the market as a guide to find out the current technical shortcomings of
hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in our country and provide more support in terms of
policies; third Third, relevant industry associations and research institutions
should also join in, promote industry-university-research cooperation on core
key technologies, and jointly build a complete related technology transfer
system, thereby enhancing the competitiveness of the overall hydrogen fuel cell
vehicle industry chain.
■Technical route with “Chinese characteristics”
At the 2018 Global Future Mobility Forum held recently, the relevant person
in charge of Guangdong Tyros Automotive Power System Co., Ltd., which uses the
Yangtze River electric bus as a development platform, introduced that the
company has passed the national mandatory test and entered the national hydrogen
vehicle announcement catalog. Small batch production has been carried out; next
year it will form an annual production capacity of 100 to 500 units (sets); in
2020, it will form an annual production capacity of more than 1,000 units
(sets); in 2021 to 2022, it will have an annual output of 10,000 units (sets)
level of production capacity, becoming a major domestic supplier of hydrogen
fuel cell power systems for vehicles.
Although foreign car companies also have plans for "electric-electric
hybrid" products, Lei Hongjun, general manager and chief engineer of Dongfeng
Yangzijiang Automobile, still calls this technical route "Chinese
characteristics." In his view, there are four reasons why my country has
developed this route. First, the power of fuel cell engines at home and abroad
is difficult to meet product demand. The power density of domestic fuel cell
engine stacks is about 2kW/L, while the international advanced level is Reached
3kW/L; secondly, due to the scale of the industry, the current unit cost of fuel
cell engines is still relatively high; thirdly, the current hydrogen-electric
hybrid system is based on power battery vehicles, which can make up for many
shortcomings of power battery vehicles, such as Shorter driving range, etc.;
Finally, China's fuel cell vehicles have made significant progress, but they
still face many challenges. The "electric-electric hybrid" system is a
relatively stable technical solution.
Lei Hongjun pointed out that with the expansion of cities, pure electric
vehicles have become "incapable" in terms of long-distance driving. Therefore,
long-distance buses between cities are expected to become the main battlefield
for the application of hydrogen-electric vehicle technology. However, he also
pointed out: "For automotive engineering, the simpler the system structure, the
better, and 'electric and electric hybrid' are two systems, which also puts
forward higher requirements for system integration. Therefore, when developing
hydrogen hybrid technology, Don’t make it artificially difficult.”
Zhang Tong believes that "electric-electric hybrid" is not a technical
route in the transitional stage. This route will exist for a long time, and the
role of hydrogen fuel cell systems in "electric-electric hybrid" automobile
products will become increasingly large in the future. Therefore, it is
imperative to develop high-power hydrogen fuel cell systems. For hydrogen fuel
cell vehicle companies, the power level of hydrogen fuel cell systems must not
stay at the current 30kW, and they should continue to accelerate the development
of high-power fuel cell systems.
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