What is BMS lithium battery management system and how does it work? The
lithium battery BMS management system is not dispensable as some battery
manufacturers say, but a must. The lithium battery management system can ensure
the safety of the power lithium battery pack, which is the primary task of the
lithium power battery management system.
What is BMS lithium battery management system?
The battery management system BMS is an important component of the electric
vehicle power battery system. On the one hand, it detects, collects and
preliminarily calculates the real-time status parameters of the battery, and
controls the on and off of the power supply circuit based on the comparison
between the detected values and the allowed values; on the other hand, it
reports the collected key data to the vehicle controller and receives it from
the controller instructions to coordinate with other systems on the vehicle.
Lithium battery management system, different cell types often have different
requirements for the management system.
The principle of BMS power lithium battery management system:
The lithium battery management system (BMS) determines the status of the
entire battery system by detecting the status of each single battery in the
power battery pack, and performs corresponding control adjustments and strategy
implementation on the power battery system based on their status to realize the
management of power lithium-ion batteries. The charge and discharge management
of the battery system and each cell ensures the safe and stable operation of the
power battery system.
The topology structure of a typical lithium battery management system is
mainly divided into two major blocks: the master control module and the slave
control module. Specifically, it consists of a central processing unit (main
control module), data acquisition module, data detection module, display unit
module, control components (fuse device, relay), etc. Generally, data
information communication between modules is achieved by using internal CAN bus
technology.
Based on the functions of each module, BMS can detect the voltage, current,
temperature and other parameters of the power lithium battery in real time,
implement thermal management, balance management, high voltage and insulation
detection of the power battery, and can calculate the remaining capacity and
charge and discharge power of the power battery. and SOC&SOH status.
Why do lithium batteries need a BMS management system?
Lithium batteries have defects such as poor safety and occasional
explosions. In particular, lithium batteries with lithium cobalt oxide as the
cathode material cannot be discharged at high currents and have poor safety. In
addition, overcharging or overdischarging almost all types of lithium batteries
can cause irreversible damage to the cells. Lithium batteries are also extremely
sensitive to temperature: if used at too high a temperature, it may cause the
electrolyte to decompose, burn or even explode; if the temperature is too low,
the performance of the lithium battery will significantly deteriorate, affecting
the normal use of the equipment.
Due to the limitations of the lithium battery manufacturing process, the
internal resistance and capacity of each battery unit will vary. When multiple
battery units are used in series, the charge and discharge rates of each battery
cell will be inconsistent, which leads to low utilization of battery capacity.
In view of this, lithium batteries usually require a specialized protection
system to monitor the health status of the battery during actual use to manage
the use process of lithium batteries.
The lithium battery management system can effectively monitor, protect,
energy balance and fault alarm the lithium battery pack, thereby improving the
working efficiency and service life of the entire power battery pack. Lithium
batteries are widely used in various precision equipment due to their many
advantages such as high operating voltage, small size, light weight, high energy
density, no memory effect, no pollution, small self-discharge, and long cycle
life.
Although lithium batteries have more advantages than other types of
batteries, there is a risk of explosion when the lithium battery is severely
overcharged, causing damage to the lithium battery pack and posing a threat to
the user's life safety. Therefore, the lithium battery pack must be equipped
with a targeted lithium battery management system BMS to effectively monitor,
protect, energy balance and fault alarm the battery pack, thereby improving the
efficiency and service life of the entire lithium battery.
The lithium battery BMS management system has the following
characteristics:
●The lithium battery management system consists of a management host (CPU),
voltage and temperature acquisition module, current acquisition module and
communication interface module.
●Can detect and display the total voltage, total current, and reserve
capacity of the lithium battery pack; the voltage of any single cell and the
temperature of the battery box; the highest and lowest single cell voltage and
battery number, the highest and lowest temperature, and the temperature of the
battery pack Charge and discharge capacity.
●The UPS battery host also provides alarm and control output interfaces to
provide alarm and control output for extreme conditions such as overvoltage,
undervoltage, high temperature, low temperature, overcurrent, and short
circuit.
●Provides RS232 and CAN bus interfaces, which can directly read all
information on the lithium battery management system on the computer.
The main purpose of the lithium battery management system is to ensure the
design performance of the battery system and provide functions from three
aspects: safety, durability, and power. In terms of safety, the BMS management
system can protect battery cells or battery packs from damage and prevent safety
accidents. In terms of durability, even if the lithium battery operates in a
reliable and safe area, the service life of the battery is extended. In terms of
power, the working condition of the lithium battery must be maintained to meet
the vehicle requirements.
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