The vanadium battery system is mainly divided into three parts: the stack
part, the electrolyte, and the control system. The difficulty in development is
the stack and electrolyte technology. (1) Stack technology Stacks have a great
impact on the cost, power, cycle life, efficiency, maintenance and other
performance of the energy storage system. The stack is a place that provides
electrochemical reactions and realizes the mutual conversion of electrical
energy and chemical energy in the energy storage system. It is the core part of
the vanadium battery system. The research and development of stacks focuses on
key technologies such as sealing design, flow field design, current collector
research, diaphragm research, and stack integration. At present, graphite plates
are generally used as current collectors. Graphite plates have the advantages of
good conductivity and the ability to charge and discharge with large currents.
However, graphite plates are easy to etch, especially under overcharge
conditions, and are prone to electrochemical corrosion. The surface of the
positive electrode of the graphite plate is easily etched. Corrodes, forms pits,
and in severe cases is penetrated by electrochemical corrosion, causing the
positive and negative electrolytes of the vanadium battery to flow, which
seriously affects the service life of the vanadium battery. At the same time,
graphite plates are expensive and brittle. These shortcomings seriously affect
the The application of graphite plates in vanadium batteries and conductive
plastics replacing graphite current collectors in vanadium batteries is becoming
a hot research topic. Although the conductive performance of conductive plastic
plates is not as good as graphite plates, it has low density, easy processing
and molding, low cost, and is suitable for Large-scale continuous production and
other characteristics, therefore conductive plastic current collectors are a hot
spot for future research and development. The diaphragm of vanadium battery is
generally Nafionl17, which has the characteristics of low resistance and
vanadium ions cannot pass through. It has good ionic conductivity and chemical
stability, and has certain mechanical strength. However, it is partially water
permeable and expensive. The cost of the diaphragm accounts for the entire 60%
to 70% of the battery stack, so the localization of separators and the
modification of other separators are the development direction and focus of
solution for vanadium battery separators. (2) Electrolyte technology The content
of different impurity elements in the electrolyte has an impact on the long-term
stability and charge and discharge efficiency of the electrolyte. For example,
certain impurity ions can cause the electrolyte to be temperature sensitive,
produce precipitation, block the stack pipeline, etc. . Therefore, it is very
important to determine the purity of the electrolyte and control the content of
key impurities. In addition, some appropriate amounts of stabilizers need to be
added to the electrolyte to improve the long-term stability and temperature
adaptability range of the electrolyte. (3) Control system The control system
mainly includes a charge and discharge control system and a pump circulation
system. The charging control system mainly consists of a DC conversion module
and a current sharing control circuit, which converts the electricity generated
by the solar photovoltaic power generation system into the chemical energy of
the vanadium battery system. The discharge control system converts the DC power
output from the vanadium battery into 220V/50Hz AC power through an inverter for
use by the power system. At present, commonly used charge and discharge systems
are generally used with lead-acid batteries and are not suitable for charge and
discharge control of vanadium batteries. Adaptive improvements are required to
meet the usage requirements of vanadium battery systems. The pump circulation
system mainly includes pump selection and circulation pipeline design. It is
best to use a DC pump that is resistant to acid corrosion; the design of the
circulation pipeline requires good sealing and the pipeline is resistant to acid
corrosion. The pump circulation system provides basic operating conditions for
vanadium batteries. All-vanadium redox flow battery - Working principle of
all-vanadium redox flow battery All-vanadium redox flow energy storage battery
is a battery that can be used as a large-capacity energy storage power station.
Its working principle is as follows: All-vanadium redox flow battery combines
vanadium with different valence states The ionic solutions serve as active
materials for the positive and negative electrodes and are stored in respective
electrolyte storage tanks. When performing charging and discharging experiments
on the battery, the electrolyte circulates through the positive and negative
electrode chambers of the battery from the external storage tank through the
action of the pump, and oxidation and reduction reactions occur on the electrode
surface to achieve charging and discharging of the battery. .
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