A battery is a device that converts energy produced by chemical reactions
directly into electrical energy. It has the characteristics of stable voltage,
stable current, stable power supply for a long time, little influence from the
outside world, simple structure, easy to carry, simple and easy charging and
discharging operations, stable and reliable performance, and brings a lot of
convenience to modern social life.
In 1800, Italian scientist Volta made a Volta stack by contacting different
metals with electrolyte, which is considered to be the first power supply device
in human history. Humans have successively invented lead-acid batteries,
zinc-manganese dioxide dry batteries with NH4Cl as the electrolyte,
cadmium-nickel batteries, iron-nickel batteries, alkaline zinc-manganese
batteries and lithium-ion batteries. As research continues to deepen, new
batteries have emerged in recent years.
|Fuel cell
A fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts chemical
energy present in fuel and oxidant into electrical energy. Fuel and air are fed
into the fuel cell respectively, and electricity is wonderfully produced. It
looks like a battery with positive and negative electrodes and electrolytes, but
in fact it cannot "storage electricity" but is a "power plant".
Explanation of popular battery technologies such as graphene batteries/fuel
cells/air batteries
The reaction principle of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is the reverse process
of electrolyzing water.
The electrodes should be:
Negative electrode: H2+2OH-→2H2O+2e-
Positive electrode: 1/2O2+H2O2e-→2OH-
Low temperature and high energy density 18650 3350mAh-40℃ 0.5C discharge
capacity ≥60%
Charging temperature: 0~45℃ Discharge temperature: -40~+55℃ Specific
energy: 240Wh/kg -40℃ Discharge capacity retention rate: 0.5C Discharge capacity
≥ 60%
Battery reaction: H2+1/2O2==H2O
Fuel cells involve relevant theories of chemical thermodynamics,
electrochemistry, electrocatalysis, materials science, power systems and
automatic control. Only the fuel cell itself cannot work. There must be a set of
corresponding auxiliary systems, including reactant supply systems, heat exhaust
systems, drainage systems, electrical performance control systems and safety
devices, etc.
The fuel cell directly converts the chemical energy of the fuel into
electrical energy, without the energy form changes of boilers, steam turbines,
and generators like ordinary thermal generators, avoiding the energy loss of
intermediate conversion, so the energy conversion efficiency is relatively high.
The efficiency of thermal power generation and nuclear power is about 30% to
40%, while the power conversion efficiency of fuel cells can reach 45% to 60%.
In addition, the fuel cell power station occupies a small area and has a short
construction period. The power of the power station can be assembled from the
battery stack as needed, and the installation location is flexible and very
convenient. Fuel cells are very suitable as centralized power stations,
distributed power stations, or as independent power stations in communities,
factories, and large buildings. The load response is fast and the operation
quality is high; the fuel cell can convert from the lowest power to the rated
power in a few seconds.
|Graphene battery
Graphene battery is a new energy battery developed by utilizing the
characteristics of lithium ions that can shuttle rapidly and massively between
the graphene surface and electrodes.
Graphene is a two-dimensional crystal with only one layer of atomic
thickness separated from graphite material and composed of carbon atoms. In
2004, physicists Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov of the University of
Manchester in the United Kingdom successfully separated graphene from graphite
and confirmed that it can exist alone. For this reason, they jointly won the
2010 Nobel Prize. Bell Prize in Physics. With the gradual breakthrough of
problems such as mass production and large size, the pace of industrial
application of graphene is accelerating. Based on the current research results,
the first areas to achieve commercial application may be mobile devices, special
aerospace, new Energy battery field.
Explanation of popular battery technologies such as graphene batteries/fuel
cells/air batteries
Explanation of popular battery technologies such as graphene batteries/fuel
cells/air batteries
New batteries made of graphene materials will be smaller in size and
weight, and their energy storage density will be greatly improved. More
importantly, it greatly shortens the charging time and makes it convenient for
consumers. Nanotek Instruments Company of Ohio, USA, has developed a new battery
that uses the characteristics of lithium ions to shuttle rapidly and massively
between the graphene surface and electrodes. The new battery reduces charging
times from hours to less than a minute. Analysts believe that the
industrialization of one-minute fast-charging graphene batteries in the future
will bring about changes in the battery industry, thereby also promoting
innovation in the new energy vehicle industry.
The success of the new graphene battery experimental stage will undoubtedly
become a new development point for the battery industry. Battery technology is
the biggest threshold for the vigorous promotion and development of electric
vehicles, and the current battery industry is at a stage where the development
of lead-acid batteries and traditional lithium batteries has encountered
bottlenecks. After the successful development of graphene energy storage
equipment, if it can be mass-produced, It will bring new changes to the battery
industry and even the electric vehicle industry.
Seeing the application prospects of graphene, many countries have
established graphene-related technology research and development centers, trying
to commercialize graphene, and then obtain potential application patents in
industry, technology and electronics-related fields. The European Commission has
designated graphene as a "future emerging flagship technology project" and
established a special research and development plan, allocating 1 billion euros
in funding over the next 10 years. The British government is also investing in
the establishment of the National Graphene Institute (NGI) in an effort to bring
this material from the laboratory to the production line and market in the next
few decades.
China also has unique advantages in graphene research. From a production
perspective, graphite, which is a raw material for graphene production, has
abundant energy storage and is cheap in my country. In addition, mass production
and large-scale production are the main factors hindering the large-scale
commercialization of graphene. The first 15-inch single-layer graphene in China
was successfully manufactured using chemical vapor deposition method, and the
graphene transparent electrode was successfully applied to the resistive touch
screen to prepare a 7-inch graphene touch screen.
Learn the knowledge of lithium battery assembly for electric vehicles. To
purchase lithium battery spot welding equipment, go to Huaian Yuanzheng New
Energy Technology. Smart lithium batteries run fast with intelligent protection
and have a long lifespan. For more information, click on the blue font link for
basic knowledge training on lithium battery assembly.
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