3.7 volt 18650 lithium battery

Researchers develop breakthrough material to 3.7 volt 18650 lithium battery heat dissipation problem

A joint research team has reportedly developed a proton conductor for fuel cells. The conductor is based on polystyrene phosphoric acid and can maintain high proton conductivity up to 200 degrees Celsius and in the absence of water. The team's researchers are from Los Alamos National Laboratory, the University of Stuttgart, Germany, the University of New Mexico, and Sandia National Laboratories.

Fuel cells are a promising technology that converts hydrogen into electricity through an electrochemical process and emits only water. "While high-efficiency fuel cell electric vehicles have been successfully put into commercial use, further technological innovation is needed to develop the next generation of fuel cell platforms and move towards heavy-duty vehicle applications," said Yu Seung Kim, project leader at Los Alamos. "One of the current technical challenges facing fuel cells is the heat dissipation problem caused by the exothermic electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell."

The heat dissipation requirements of fuel cells are currently met by operating them at high cell voltages. To build an efficient fuel cell engine, the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack must reach at least the same temperature as the engine coolant (100 degrees Celsius). "We thought that phosphinated polymers would be a good choice, but previous materials could not be used because of the formation of unwanted anhydrides at fuel cell operating temperatures," Kim said.

We have been focusing on making phosphinated polymers that do not form anhydrides. The researchers at the University of Stuttgart have made such materials by introducing fluorine components into the polymer. It is exciting that we now have membranes and ionomer binders that can be used in high-temperature fuel cells."

Ten years ago, Atanasov and Kerres developed a new synthesis method for phosphated polypentafluorostyrene, which involved (I) free radical emulsion polymerization of pentafluorostyrene and (II) phosphating the polymer by nucleophilic phosphation. Surprisingly, this polymer showed better proton conductivity than Nafion at temperatures greater than 100 degrees Celsius and excellent chemical and thermal stability at temperatures greater than 300 degrees Celsius.

The two shared their research with Kim at Los Alamos, so Kim's team developed high-temperature fuel cells using phosphinated polymers. Integrating the membrane electrode assembly with LANL's ion-pair coordination membrane, the fuel cell using the phosphated polymer showed excellent power density of 1.13 W cm-2 under H2/O2 conditions, which remained stable for more than 500 h at 160 degrees Celsius. "The power density reached more than 1 W cm-2, which is a milestone," Kim said. "From this, we can see that this technology has the potential to be commercialized."

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