As one of the world's largest electric vehicle markets, China has ushered
in its first power battery scrappage peak period this year. In a public class
held on Wednesday (December 26), WM Motor made the above judgment.
The emerging automaker said used power batteries are posing challenges to
environmental and social resources. If handled improperly, the latter not only
poses huge environmental and safety hazards, but also causes a waste of
resources. "So the recycling of power batteries is of great significance at the
economic, environmental, industry and corporate levels." Zhang Jian, WM Motor's
power battery recycling engineer, concluded.
On the above occasions, WM Motor sorted out the technical paths and policy
systems of governments around the world in terms of power battery recycling.
From a formal point of view, there are two main types of power battery
recycling: cascade utilization and recycling. For mildly scrapped batteries,
where the battery performance drops to 30%-80% of the original performance, it
is generally recommended to use gradient utilization. After screening,
dismantling, and reorganization, a gradient utilization label can be attached,
and the battery can be reused in energy storage systems, street lights, and UPS.
Power supplies, low-speed electric vehicles and other fields. For severely
scrapped batteries, the battery performance drops to less than 30% of the
original performance. Recycling is generally used, through disassembly and
regeneration, and chemical extraction and recovery of electrode materials,
especially precious metals such as cobalt, nickel, and lithium.
At the policy system level, current power battery recycling in developed
countries is dominated by market regulation and supplemented by government
constraints. For example, in Germany, the government legislates recycling,
producers bear the main responsibility, and funds are set up to improve the
market-oriented construction of the recycling system. Japan's production method
of power batteries has gradually transformed into a "recycling and reuse" model,
and companies have participated in battery recycling as pioneers. In the United
States, market regulation is the main focus. The government regulates
environmental protection by formulating environmental protection standards and
assists in the recycling of used power batteries.
In China, from 2012 to 2018, the State Council, the Ministry of Industry
and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and
other departments issued 9 policy documents including the "Industry Normative
Conditions for the Comprehensive Utilization of Waste Power Batteries of New
Energy Vehicles" and the "Interim Provisions on the Traceability Management of
Recycling and Utilization of New Energy Vehicle Power Batteries" , to promote
the construction of power battery recycling system. Encourage battery production
enterprises to cooperate with comprehensive utilization enterprises to carry out
multi-level and multi-purpose rational utilization of waste power batteries in
accordance with the principle of first tiered utilization and then recycling,
while ensuring safety and controllability, so as to reduce comprehensive energy
consumption and improve energy utilization efficiency. , improve the
comprehensive utilization level and economic benefits, and ensure the
environmentally friendly disposal of unusable residues.
Globally, pilots and research on the echelon utilization of power batteries
are being carried out. Take the American electric vehicle manufacturer Tesla as
an example. In 2015, the company released lithium battery energy storage systems
"Powerwall" and "Powerpack" for home and business use, and in 2016 it released a
solar roof. Such attempts can be seen as typical cases of echelon
exploitation.
In fact, WM Motor, which aims to become the "popularizer of smart electric
vehicles", is also currently establishing its own waste power battery recycling
system.
Zhang Jian said that in order to make more full use of retired power
batteries, WM Motor will comprehensively manage the operation of the battery
recycling system, the construction of the power battery recycling system, and
the full life cycle traceability management of the power batteries to realize
the comprehensive management of retired power batteries. Reasonable utilization
of the remaining value of batteries is intended to maximize corporate costs and
benefits while protecting the environment and reducing safety risks.
WM battery recycling system mainly consists of five sections: R&D,
production, sales, recycling, and traceability.
The R&D link mainly consists of three parts: PACK, product data, and
battery recycling operation department. The main scope of responsibilities is to
comply with the design and development principles, strictly implement the
technical parameter requirements of WM Motor for battery products (including
deformation level, scrapping conditions, etc.), and the power of the test phase.
Storage and battery pack management, power battery coding standards, scrapped
battery assessment and other related work.
The production link is mainly composed of the vehicle factory and ME, which
are responsible for power battery storage planning, scrap transfer, and power
battery production management. The sales link consists of pre-sales and
after-sales, and is mainly responsible for the standard/construction of power
battery recycling service outlets, repair/replacement of power batteries,
temporary storage and scrapping of power batteries by dealers.
The battery recycling operation department is responsible for the recycling
process. Its main tasks are to focus on the cascade utilization/recycling of
power batteries, management of used power batteries, and the construction of a
recycling system for used power batteries. The traceability link is controlled
by the quality center, which is responsible for the traceability management of
power batteries in each link, and the construction and management of the
traceability management platform.
In addition, the "Weima Automobile Battery Traceability Upload System" has
also been established, realizing joint debugging and docking with the national
platform and has been put into use to implement the traceability of information
in all aspects of the power battery.
According to the "Interim Provisions on Traceability Management of New
Energy Vehicle Power Battery Recycling", automobile manufacturers should upload
recycling service outlet information on the traceability management platform. WM
Motor is one of the first vehicle companies in the country to declare
information on recycling service outlets. The information declaration for the
first batch of recycling service outlets (26 in total) has been completed and
has been included in the construction of the recycling system.
At present, the recycling practice of Weimar power batteries is mainly
aimed at echelon utilization. Retired batteries can be used as energy storage
applications in microgrids and distributed energy system scenarios, or as
vehicle applications on two-wheelers, three-wheelers, and four-wheelers. When
retired batteries can no longer be used in the above two ways, they are scrapped
and decommissioned and handed over to resource recycling companies for
disposal.
The overall idea of recycling is to "squeeze" the remaining value of
retired batteries, and the path is to complete packages and modules. Zhang Jian
said that no matter which recycling path is used, it needs to comply with
Weimar's echelon utilization technical specifications. This set of technical
specifications mainly includes five aspects, namely basic information
collection, appearance inspection, performance testing, communication
calibration, and product requirements.
In the recycling path of WM power batteries, the entire package is
generally used in energy storage systems. The product features are: easy access
to usage parameters, reduced selection and reassembly costs, and easy
maintenance and replacement. Modules are generally used in energy storage
systems, tricycles, two-wheelers, and low-speed four-wheelers. Their product
characteristics are: standardized product technical parameters, tiered products
with different voltage platforms, module selection of the same brand, and lower
monomer differences. , high energy density and light weight.
Based on the characteristics of current energy storage products, WM Motor
will develop a micro-grid integrated optical storage, charging and discharging
system based on the characteristics of current energy storage products.
Combining photovoltaics and power grids, WM Motor will build WM Motor's
characteristic electric energy storage project and accelerate product
commercialization.
The module application process mainly involves four aspects: preprocessing,
Pack disassembly specifications, Pack disassembly process, and practical
application.
In addition, used batteries need to be pre-processed before dismantling,
including information collection, safety inspection, etc. In terms of Pack
disassembly specifications, WM Motor has formulated general disassembly
specifications and disassembly process steps suitable for battery packs with
different mileage based on the design characteristics of WM battery packs and
national disassembly specifications, and clarified the personnel, Equipment,
venue, etc. requirements.
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