Analysis of domestic and foreign power lithium-ion battery standards

　　Analysis of domestic and foreign power lithium-ion battery standards Most of the international standards for power lithium-ion battery standards were issued around 2010, with many revisions, and new standards have been introduced successively. GB/Z 18333. 1: 2001 was issued in 2001, so it can be seen that China's standard for lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles started not too late in the world, but the development is relatively slow. Since the release of the QC/T 743 standard in 2006, there has been no standard update in China for a long time, and before the release of the new national standard in 2015, there was no standard on battery packs or systems. The above domestic and foreign standards differ in scope of application, content of test items, severity of test items and criteria.

　　1 Scope of application: IEC 62660 series, QC/T 743, GB/T 31486 and GB/T 31485 are tests for battery cell and module level, while UL2580, SAE J2929, ISO12405 and GB/T 31467 series are tests for battery pack and battery system. In addition to IEC 62660, other standards basically involve battery pack or system level tests, SAE J2929 and ECE R100 2. It even mentioned the vehicle level test. This shows that the development of foreign standards takes more account of the application of batteries in the vehicle, which is more in line with the needs of practical applications.

　　2 Test items: All test items can be divided into electrical performance and safety reliability on the whole, while safety reliability can be divided into mechanical reliability, environmental reliability, abuse reliability and electrical reliability.

　　Mechanical reliability, which simulates the mechanical stress suffered by the vehicle during driving, such as vibration, which simulates the bump of the vehicle on the road; Environmental reliability, which simulates the tolerance of vehicles in different climates, such as temperature cycle, which simulates the situation of vehicles when the temperature difference between day and night is large or when they are driving back and forth in cold and hot areas; Abuse of reliability, such as fire, to investigate the safety of batteries in case of improper use; Electrical reliability, such as protection test items, mainly inspects whether the battery management system (BMS) can play a protective role in critical times.

　　In terms of cell, IEC 62,660 is divided into two independent standards, IEC 62,660-1 and IEC 62,660-2, which correspond to performance and reliability tests respectively. GB/T 31485 and GB/T 31486 are evolved from QC/T 743. Vibration resistance is classified as performance test in GB/T 31486, because this test item is to investigate the impact of battery vibration on battery performance. Compared with IEC 62660-2, the test items of GB/T 31485 are more stringent, such as needle punching and seawater immersion.

　　In terms of testing battery packs and battery systems, American standards cover the most testing items, whether electrical performance or reliability. In terms of performance test, DOE/ID-11069 has more test items than other standards, such as mixed pulse power characteristic (HPPC), operating set point stability, calendar life, reference performance, impedance spectrum, module control inspection test, thermal management load and system level test combined with life verification.

　　In the appendix of the standard, the analysis method of electrical performance test results is introduced in detail. HPPC test can be used to detect the peak power of power battery, and the DC internal resistance test method derived from it has been widely used in the research of internal resistance characteristics of battery. In terms of reliability, UL2580 has more test items than other standards, such as unbalanced battery pack charging, withstand voltage, insulation, continuity test and cooling/heating stability system failure test. It also includes the basic safety test for battery pack components on the production line. In terms of BMS, cooling system and protection circuit design, it has strengthened the safety review requirements. SAE J2929 proposes to conduct fault analysis on all parts of the battery system, and save relevant documents, including improvement measures for easy identification of faults.

　　ISO 12405 series standards include both battery performance and safety. ISO 12405-1 is a battery performance test standard for high power applications, and ISO 12405-2 is a battery performance test standard for high energy applications. The former includes cold start and hot start. The GB/T 31467 series is based on the development of power battery in China and is modified according to the content of ISO 12405 series standards.

　　Different from other standards: SAE J 2929 and ECE R100 2 are all related to high-voltage protection requirements, belonging to the safety category of electric vehicles. The relevant test items in China are listed in GB/T 18384, GB/T 31467 3 points out that the battery pack and battery system shall meet the requirements of GB/T 18384 before safety test 1 and GB/T 18384 3.

　　3 Severity For the same test item, the test methods and criteria specified in different standards are different. For example, for the state of charge (SOC) of the test sample, GB/T 31467 The sample is required to be fully charged in 3; ISO 12405 requires that the SOC of power battery is 50% and that of energy battery is 100%; ECE R100. 2 The SOC of the battery is required to be above 50%; UN38.3 Different test items have different requirements, and some test items also need recycled batteries.

　　In addition, high simulation, thermal test, vibration, impact and external short circuit must be tested with the same sample, which is more strict. For vibration test, ISO 12405 requires samples to vibrate at different ambient temperatures. The recommended high and low temperature are 75 ℃ and - 40 ℃ respectively. Other standards do not have this requirement.

　　For fire test, GB/T 31467 3 and ISO 12405 3. There is little difference between them. The preheating, direct burning and indirect burning are all conducted by igniting fuel, but GB/T 31467 3 It is required that if there is a flame in the sample, it must be extinguished within 2 minutes. ISO 12405 does not require that the flame be extinguished. The fire test in SAE J2929 is different from the previous two, and it requires that the sample be placed

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