CR2354 battery.What breakthrough battery technologies have emerged?

　　After all, safety comes first, so let’s start with safety factors. Recently, due to the news of the Samsung Galaxy Note7 explosion, the safety issue of lithium batteries has received widespread attention from users. However, compared to others, it is widely used around the world. In fact, the safety accident rate of lithium batteries is generally relatively low, but various accidents will always occur, which also proves that they cannot bring 100% absolute safety guarantee. With the occurrence of these accidents, modern batteries have begun to install voltage tracking, temperature tracking and other functions on the chip. This means that if you use an iPhone to charge and the temperature is too high, the warning system on the phone will Will start automatically to prevent further hazards. But researchers are still looking for a way to keep batteries cool forever. One way to achieve this is to eliminate the use of current flammable electrolytes, which are the liquids in batteries that carry electric ions, and use Some less flammable substance takes its place.

　　As early as 2015, scientists from the University of Maryland and the U.S. Army Research Laboratory proposed a salt water electrolyte formula that can provide good protection for battery safety issues ranging from pacemakers to large-scale power grids. However, although the design of this technology can reduce the risk of battery fire to a certain extent, it is currently only applicable to a maximum voltage of 3 volts, so it cannot be applied on a large scale. This technology has also been slow to develop, and researchers later developed a new gel polymer coating to achieve this goal. This coating can be applied to the anode of the battery to better prevent water from escaping from the surface. The R&D team is now also focused on increasing the battery's full performance cycle from 100 to 500 or more usage cycles to make it competitive, and it was not until this fall that the R&D team finally raised the voltage maximum to 4 volts, so it can be used in regular applications such as laptops.

　　Another way to avoid fire hazards is to integrate flame retardants into the battery. When the battery heats up, the flame retardant will automatically release, just like a built-in fire extinguisher. This method is an issue that many developers have been considering. , they hope to use some kind of flame-retardant material to make the diaphragm separator, but this method often damages the complete performance of the battery in experiments, so it is currently unreliable. In January this year, scientists at Stanford University took battery technology to a new step. Their design package used a flame retardant made of triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and placed it between a polymer in a microfiber shell. When the mercury in the battery encounters a high temperature of 160 degrees Celsius, they will begin to melt, releasing the electrolyte at the early stage of heating and reducing the possibility of battery combustion. R&D researchers also tested this design method with coin batteries. They found that TPP can indeed effectively and quickly extinguish the flame when combustion occurs. Now, R&D researchers have also begun to transfer the test to greater mechanical pressure to test its resistance. pressure ability.

　　In addition to safety, 2017 also saw the emergence of many new technologies that provide battery charging speed. If your car could be charged for 6 minutes and have a range of 320 kilometers, would you be more willing to buy an electric car? I believe many People will change their minds because of this, but the changes brought about by the increase in charging speed are not just in the field of electric vehicles, but can be reflected in various smart devices. In October this year, Toshiba Corporation of Japan announced that it will launch its next-generation super fast-charge lithium battery SCiB0. This new anode material is called titanium niobium oxide, which can store lithium ions more effectively, so the energy density increases by one times. Toshiba plans to put the battery into practical use in 2019, and says if it were put into an electric vehicle, it would be able to deliver about three times the current of current batteries in a six-minute charging time. However, Toshiba is not the first electronics giant to make waves in the field of fast charging technology. In November this year, researchers at Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology reported the launch of what they called graphite ball technology. By using a magical material similar to popcorn as the anode, in lithium-ion batteries, it provides a protective layer for the cathode. Through this technology, the research and development team claims to have been able to control harmful side reactions in the battery and create more current. transmission channel. The researchers also say that if these graphite balls are processed into a full-size lithium battery, they can reduce the charging time of smartphones from one hour to 12 minutes, and more importantly, they can also increase the battery capacity by 45%. , and maintain a stable operating temperature, which is undoubtedly a very practical attribute when it comes to the field of electric vehicles.

　　At present, smartphones have become an essential device in modern society. However, the battery capacity is often unsatisfactory. Many users charge it almost once a day, and some even charge it twice a day. If the battery capacity can be greatly improved, , I believe this will surely excite many mobile phone users. It is also true that how to maximize the capacity of the battery is also the focus of research and development by many scientists.

　　The Rice researchers are therefore focusing more attention on a byproduct of the charging process called dendrites. These tiny lithium fibers form on the anode of the battery and spread like a rash. Hinder battery performance or even cause a short circuit. The team therefore built a prototype battery that uses a graphite flake grown on an anode that combines metal with carbon nanotubes. The three-dimensional carbon nanotubes, due to their low density and large surface area, charge and discharge during charge and discharge cycles. A large amount of space will be created, allowing the particles to slip in and out, completely preventing the growth of dendrites, thus greatly increasing the capacity of the battery.

　　In addition, graphene technology is also one of the most promising energy technologies in 2017. Its excellent electrical conductivity has triggered a research craze among many scientists, and some of them have thought of a method, like graphene sheets. As carbon atoms in the ocean ebb and flow with changes in ambient temperature, they used so-called graphene ripples to generate tiny bursts of energy by suspending sheets of graphene between two stacked electrodes as clusters of atoms rise up and contact the upper electrode. , the team was able to generate positive charges, and then generate alternating current when they fell and contacted the lower electrode, and then using a device called a vibration energy harvester, the research and development team was also able to use alternating current strong enough to power the watch. Theoretically, the technology never needs to be recharged and never wears out, so this also greatly improves the prospects of graphene as an unlimited energy solution, but it can be embedded in watches and other small electronic devices such as heart pacemakers. Adapters and hearing aids are still a challenge, but researchers are continuing their experiments to get them into practical applications sooner rather than later. However, in the practical application of large-capacity batteries, South Australia has launched the world's largest lithium-ion battery. This battery was installed by Tesla in 100 days. It is designed to solve the recent energy crisis in some countries and can provide More than 3,000 homes are provided with electricity.

　　Finally, in terms of environmental protection, the battery industry has also made very outstanding progress. Researchers from Tohoku University and Osaka University in Japan used silicon wood chips cut from large silicon wafers, a by-product of electronics manufacturing, to crush these chips. By taking porous nanosheets and coating them with carbon, the team discovered a new type of battery anode. The resulting lithium-ion battery not only acts as a recycled material and can achieve a constant battery capacity of approximately 1,200 mAh/gram (milliamp hours per gram) over 800 service cycles, the R&D team also claims that compared to traditional of graphite anodes, which is almost 3.3 times theirs. On the other hand, silicon as the battery negative electrode can store more than 10 times the potential of a typical graphite anode. In this way, a research and development team was able to produce a button battery with a display capacity of about 1420mAh/g (milliamp hours per gram). , compared with the typical 350mAh/g capacity graphite anode battery, it has a significant improvement. The R&D team has therefore applied for a patent for environmentally friendly, low-cost technology. In addition to graphene and silicon, scientists from the University of Sydney have also discovered A zinc material air battery that can drive chemical reactions by using air around the battery. More zinc can also be added to the zinc to increase its energy density. However, this zinc battery also has certain drawbacks because it Expensive precious metals are required as catalysts, which is not realistic for cost savings. Therefore, the research team at the University of Sydney thought of using common elements, using iron, cobalt and nickel. However, experiments proved that the zinc-air battery was easier to charge. In more than 60 charge-discharge and 120 charge cycle tests, it only lost Less than 10% efficacy.

　　In the end, better battery performance will allow smartphones to last longer, electric cars to last longer, cameras to take more photos and videos, and wireless headphones to release music for longer , let electric bicycles take you to farther places, so its future development prospects are very huge.

　　2017 is a crucial year in the history of battery development. With the emergence of various new energy sources and new materials, we have discovered more possibilities to improve battery performance, but we believe that things will not slow down because of this. On the contrary, maybe there will be a greater technological breakthrough in the field of batteries in 2018. Maybe Samsung mobile phones will be equipped with batteries using graphite balls for the first time. Maybe the electric cars you ride in the future will no longer need plug-in tubes. In short, Everything is possible, let's wait and see.

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