LR03 alkaline battery.New energy vehicle heat pump thermal management system?

　　Friends who drive new energy electric vehicles in the north report that their cruising range is significantly reduced in winter. As a result, I didn't dare to turn on the air conditioning and could only endure the cold and shivering in the car. This directly leads to a very poor experience with new energy vehicles. Everyone knows that our life is provided by air conditioning in summer, and by heating in winter. So today, let’s follow Xiaoxing to learn about the heat pump thermal management system of new energy vehicles and how it improves the experience of new energy vehicles.

　　↑Winter cruising range comparison

　　The main reason for introducing a heat pump system is that pure electric vehicles or plug-in hybrid vehicles that support pure electric driving can no longer use the engine as a stable heat source for heating. Therefore, before the introduction of the heat pump system, the heating function of the air conditioning system of electric vehicles was mainly completed by electric heaters, also known as resistance PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heaters. And you should know that the heat obtained by direct electric heating will greatly reduce the battery's power and driving range. As shown in the figure below, according to statistics, when driving in winter and turning on the air conditioning heating function based on electric heating, almost half of the electricity is used for heating. Only half of the power is left for driving. Using a heat pump system for heating will significantly increase the mileage.

　　↑Volkswagen Golf GTE high-voltage electric heating module PTC Heater

　　So which electric vehicles are using air conditioning systems with electric heating technology? The picture below is a schematic diagram of the thermal management system pipeline used in the Volkswagen Golf GTE golf plug-in hybrid version. From the picture, you can see that the entire thermal management pipeline is divided into two sets, the left one including a high temperature pipeline and a low temperature pipeline. On the right is another set of low-temperature pipelines. The high-voltage electric heating module PTC Heater used can be seen in the high-temperature pipeline, which is used to provide air conditioning and heating functions in the cabin. Correspondingly, the 2012 Nissan electric car LEAF and Tesla Model S both use a 6kW electric heating module for heating.

　　↑Volkswagen Golf GTE thermal management pipeline diagram

　　In fact, in the heat pump thermal management system, although it is controlled by multiple pumps and valves, there is no component called the heat pump. It is called a heat pump because the heat pump system has characteristics similar to that of a water pump in moving water from a low place to a high place. The entire heat pump system can move heat from a place with a low temperature to a place with a high temperature. For example, in summer, the heat pump system does not bring in the low temperature outside the car. On the contrary, it moves the heat inside the car to the outside. Thereby achieving the cooling effect.

　　↑Heat pump thermal management system cooling mode

　　Correspondingly, during heating in winter, the heat pump system sends heat from outside the car to the inside of the car. Then you may want to ask again, can heat be transported in even if it is dozens of degrees below zero outside the car? As mentioned before, there is still heat even at temperatures of tens of degrees below zero. If there is heat, it can be transported.

　　↑Heating mode of heat pump thermal management system

　　So how can the heat pump system be applied to the automobile air conditioning system? As shown in the figure below, the heat pump system is a process that uses an electric compressor 1 to absorb heat 2 from the external ambient temperature and transport it to the cabin 3 for heating.

　　↑Introduction to the principle of heat pump thermal management system

　　The specific process is shown in the figure below. 1. Heat is absorbed from the environment into the heat pump system, 2. The heat is compressed and heated, 3. The heat is used to heat the cold air in the cabin and warm it up, 4. After heating The air is sent into the car, and 5. the decompressed heat is converted into low-temperature heat and discharged outside the car. The heat pump system needs to take into account both heating and cooling conditions. The interior evaporator in cooling mode acts as a condenser in heating mode, and the corresponding exterior condenser in cooling mode acts as an evaporator in heating mode.

　　↑Working process of heat pump thermal management system

　　So which electric models currently use heat pump systems? The pure electric version of Volkswagen e-Golf can be equipped with a heat pump air conditioning system in the US market. The picture below shows the heat pump air conditioning system used in the Audi R8 e-tron pure electric version. At the same time, BMW said its i3 electric car also uses a heat pump air conditioning system.

　　↑Audi R8 e-tron pure electric version heat pump air conditioning system

　　The picture below shows the heat pump air conditioning system from Japan's Denso used in the 2013 Renault Zoe pure electric car. It is also used in the Nissan LEAF after 2013. This heat pump system uses two sets of solenoid valves numbered 10 and 11 to control the flow of refrigerant in the pipeline. The evaporator No. 5 and the condenser No. 4 are placed on the side close to the compartment. Just rely on the baffle on the No. 4 condenser to control whether the air only flows through the evaporator and becomes cold air in the cooling mode, or whether the air flows through the condenser and becomes hot air in the heating mode. The corresponding external heat exchanger 1 at the front of the engine compartment serves as a condenser in cooling mode and as an evaporator in heating mode. In this way, the entire air conditioning system requires three heat exchangers numbered 1, 4, and 5. The system has become a little more complicated, but it is still worth it for the reliability of the components in the high temperature and vibration environment of the car engine compartment. In this heat pump system, 1kW of electricity can produce 3kW of cooling effect and 2kW of heating effect.

　　↑Renault Nissan heat pump thermal management system

　　I hope the above content can help you understand the heating principle of the new energy vehicle heat pump thermal management system, and I also hope that it can increase the cruising range while improving your new energy vehicle driving experience.

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