In addition to safety, the energy storage market's demand for lithium
batteries also requires low cost and long life. With the development of the
energy storage industry, the advantages of lithium-ion batteries in energy
storage scenarios have also begun to attract industry attention: 01 Energy
storage may usher in a new round of industrial boom. The development of the new
energy industry has gradually revealed the value of energy storage. Data show
that the cumulative installed capacity of global chemical energy storage
increased by 66.3% year-on-year in 2018, reaching 4868MW. Among them, China's
newly installed capacity reached 629MW, a year-on-year increase of 420%. In
order to support the development of the energy storage industry, my country has
introduced a number of favorable policies since 2015: Driven by national
policies, many energy storage projects have entered the formal implementation
stage, and the energy storage industry has entered the transition from
demonstration to commercialization. Expect. At the same time, lithium battery
companies such as BYD, CATL, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, and Yiwei Lithium Energy are also
laying out and planning the energy storage industry chain. Data show that in
2018, there were a total of 11 domestic energy storage lithium battery companies
with shipments exceeding 100MWh. The top five companies are BYD, ZTE Peneng,
Sunshine Energy, Kellu Electronics and Lixin Energy. Among them, BYD Energy
Storage Lithium Battery Shipments are as high as 1GWh. 02Lithium-ion batteries
account for 75% of the chemical energy storage scale. Existing energy storage
systems are mainly divided into five categories: mechanical energy storage,
electrical energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, thermal energy
storage and chemical energy storage. Among them, the cumulative operational
scale of electrochemical energy storage in my country is 1.073GW. It is expected
that the cumulative operational scale of electrochemical energy storage will
reach 1.92GW by the end of 2019. By 2022, the scale will exceed 10GW and will be
close to 20GW in 2023. (Data as of the end of 2018, from Zhongguancun Energy
Storage Industry Technology Alliance) Lithium batteries are the main growth
point of electrochemical energy storage, accounting for 75% of the chemical
energy storage scale. In the long run, the energy storage field will be one of
the important application markets for lithium batteries. Lithium-ion batteries
refer to batteries made of lithium-containing compounds, which mainly rely on
the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes to
work. During its charge and discharge process, there are only lithium ions and
no metallic lithium. Compared with other batteries, the advantages of lithium
batteries are: high energy density, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate,
high energy conversion rate, fast charge and discharge, etc. In the energy
storage system, lithium batteries, lead-carbon batteries, and lead-acid
batteries are all used to store electrical energy. The biggest difference
between lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries is that lithium batteries must
be equipped with a battery management system. At present, domestic lithium
battery technologies mainly include mainstream routes such as lithium iron
phosphate, lithium titanate, and ternary lithium. The power density of these
batteries is much higher than that of lead-carbon batteries. 03 The application
of lithium-ion batteries in energy storage scenarios Energy storage is one of
the important means to solve the intermittent volatility of new energy wind
power and photovoltaic and realize the function of "peak-shaving and
flattening". Energy storage lithium batteries are also gradually receiving
attention as an emerging application scenario. It is understood that the
application scenarios of lithium batteries in the power supply side, user side,
and grid side of energy storage are as follows: The key applications of energy
storage on the power generation side include optical storage power stations,
wind storage power stations, and AGC frequency modulation power stations; the
key points of user-side energy storage include optical Storage and charging
stations, home energy storage, backup power supply, etc.; grid energy storage
includes substation energy storage, virtual power plants, peak shaving/frequency
modulation and other scenarios. Energy storage lithium batteries have no direct
requirements for energy density, but different energy storage scenarios have
different requirements for the power density of energy storage lithium
batteries. Lithium-ion batteries used in the field of power energy storage
require batteries to have safety, long life, and high energy conversion
efficiency. The cycle life is generally required to be greater than 3,500
times.
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