The development process of lithium battery.Nickel Hydride No. 5 batteries

　　"Lithium battery" is a class of batteries that use lithium metal or lithium alloy as negative electrode materials and use non -hydraulic solution. In 1912, lithium metal batteries were first proposed and studied by Gilbert N. Lewis. In the 1970s, M. S. Whittingham proposed and started to study lithium ion batteries. Because the chemical characteristics of lithium metal are very lively, the processing, preservation, and use of lithium metal have high requirements for environmental requirements. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been applied for a long time. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have now become mainstream.

　　Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium -ion batteries do not contain metal lithium, and can be charged. The fifth -generation products of the rechargeable battery were born in 1996. Its safety, capacity, self -discharge rate and performance price ratio are better than lithium -ion batteries. Due to its own high -tech requirements, only a few countries are currently producing such lithium metal batteries.

　　Development process

　　1. In the 1970s, the M.S.Whittingham of Exxon used titanium sulfide as a positive electrode material and metal lithium as a negative electrode material to make the first lithium battery.

　　2. In 1980, J. Goodnub found that lithium cobaltate can be used as a lithium ion battery orthopedic material.

　　3. In 1982, R.R.Agarwal and J.R.Selman, the R.R.Agarwal and J.R.Selman of the Illinois Institute of Technology, found that lithium ions have the characteristics of embedded graphite. This process is fast and reversible. At the same time, lithium batteries made of metal lithium have attracted much attention. Therefore, people try to use lithium ion to embed the characteristics of graphite to make rechargeable batteries. The first available lithium -ion graphite electrode was successfully triald by Bell Lab.

　　4. In 1983, M.Thackey, J.Goodenough and others found that manganese spikelite was an excellent positive electrode material, which had low -cost, stable and excellent conductivity and lithium -conducting performance. Its decomposition temperature is high, and the oxidation is much lower than lithium cobaltate. Even if it occurs short -circuit and over -charging, it can avoid the risk of combustion and explosion.

　　5. In 1989, A.Manthiram and J.GOODENUGH found that the positive electrode of the adoption of agglomerate pCC will generate higher voltage.

　　6. In 1991, Sony released the first commercial lithium ion battery. Subsequently, lithium -ion batteries innovated the appearance of consumer electronics.

　　In 1996, PADHI and Goodnough found that phosphate with olive structure, such as lifpo4 (LIFEPO4), is more superior than traditional positive pole materials, so it has become the current mainstream positive pole material.

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