cr2032 button battery.Lithium-air battery design technology

　　If the organic electrolyte of the negative electrode and the aqueous electrolyte of the air electrode are separated by a solid electrolyte that can only pass through lithium ions, it can prevent the two electrolytes from mixing and promote the battery reaction. In this way, the precipitation of lithium oxide (Li2O), a solid reaction product of the positive electrode, can be prevented. What this battery generates through the discharge reaction is not solid lithium oxide (Li2O), but lithium hydroxide (LiOH) that is easily soluble in the aqueous electrolyte, so that the carbon pores of the air electrode will not be blocked.

　　In addition, since water and nitrogen cannot pass through the solid electrolyte separator, there is no risk of reacting with the lithium metal in the negative electrode. In addition, it is equipped with a dedicated positive electrode for charging to prevent corrosion and deterioration of the air electrode during charging. The negative electrode uses metallic lithium strips, and the electrolyte of the negative electrode uses an organic electrolyte containing lithium salts. There is a lithium-ion solid electrolyte in the middle to separate the positive and negative electrodes.

　　The aqueous electrolyte of the positive electrode uses an alkaline water-soluble gel, which is combined with a positive electrode composed of finely divided carbon and a cheap oxide catalyst. The electrode reaction during discharge is as follows: (1) Negative electrode reaction (Li→Li++e-) Metal lithium is dissolved in the organic electrolyte in the form of lithium ions (Li+), and electrons are supplied to the wire. Dissolved lithium ions (Li+) move through the solid electrolyte into the aqueous electrolyte of the positive electrode. (2) The positive electrode reaction (O2+2H2O+4e-→4OH-) supplies electrons through the wire, and oxygen and water in the air react on the surface of the finely divided carbon to generate hydroxide ions (OH-).

　　It combines with lithium ions (Li+) in the aqueous electrolyte of the positive electrode to form water-soluble lithium hydroxide (LiOH). The electrode reaction during charging is as follows:

　　(1) The negative electrode reaction (Li++e-→Li) supplies electrons through the wire. Lithium ions (Li+) pass through the solid electrolyte from the aqueous electrolyte of the positive electrode to the surface of the negative electrode, and react on the surface of the negative electrode to generate metallic lithium.

　　(2) The positive electrode reaction (4OH-→O2+2H2O+4e-) reacts to generate oxygen. The generated electrons are supplied to the wire. A lithium-air battery using the newly developed alkaline aqueous electrolyte gel has a discharge capacity of approximately 9000mAh/g when discharged in air at a discharge rate of 0.1A/g. In addition, the charging capacity is also approximately 9600mAh/g. Compared with the previously reported capacity of original lithium-air batteries (700~3000mAh/g), the discharge capacity is greatly improved. After using alkaline aqueous solution instead of alkaline water-soluble gel, when discharged in air at a discharge rate of 0.1A/g, it can be continuously discharged for 20 days, and the discharge capacity is approximately 50,000mAh/g).

　　The new lithium-air battery does not need to be charged when it is out of power. You only need to replace the aqueous electrolyte in the positive electrode and the metallic lithium in the negative electrode through a cartridge or other methods, and it can be used continuously (Figure 3). This is a new type of fuel cell called "metal lithium fuel cell". Theoretically, the energy released by 30kg of metallic lithium is basically the same as the energy released by 40L of gasoline. If the lithium hydroxide (LiOH) generated by the air electrode is recovered from the used aqueous electrolyte, metallic lithium can be easily regenerated and can be reused as fuel.

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