New Thin Film Cell Photovoltaic Module Design Technology

　　Thin film cells are the core unit of photoelectric conversion. However, they need to be packaged and protected and made into photovoltaic modules to meet the requirements of practical applications (mechanical performance and stability, etc.). However, thin film battery modules require a large amount of high-molecular organic polymer materials such as EVA or PVB. This article uses new thin-film module design technology to reduce or even eliminate the use of these high-molecular organic chemical materials, and basically uses inorganic materials, making thin-film photovoltaic modules more efficient. Environmentally friendly and economical.

　　I. Introduction

　　Thin film cells are the core unit of photoelectric conversion. However, they need to be packaged and protected and made into photovoltaic modules to meet the requirements of practical applications (mechanical performance and stability, etc.). However, thin film battery modules require a large amount of high-molecular organic polymer materials such as EVA or PVB. This article uses new thin-film module design technology to reduce or even eliminate the use of these high-molecular organic chemical materials, and basically uses inorganic materials, making thin-film photovoltaic modules more efficient. Environmentally friendly and economical.

　　2. Classification of conventional thin film batteries

　　Usually thin film batteries are divided into the following categories: amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide III-V compounds, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride and copper indium gallium selenide thin film battery components. GaAs is a III-V compound semiconductor material. Its energy gap is 1.4eV, which is exactly the value of high absorption of sunlight. It matches the solar spectrum well and can withstand high temperatures. Under the conditions of 250°C, the photoelectric conversion performance is still the same. It is very good, with a maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency of about 30%, and is particularly suitable for high-temperature concentrating solar cells.

　　CdTe is a II-VI compound semiconductor with a band gap of 1.5eV, which matches the solar spectrum very well. It is most suitable for photoelectric energy conversion. It is a good PV material with high theoretical efficiency (28%) and very stable performance. It has always been valued by the photovoltaic industry and is a thin-film battery with rapid technological development. Cadmium telluride is easily deposited into a large-area thin film and the deposition rate is also high. CdTe thin film solar cells are usually based on CdS/CdT e heterojunction. Although the lattice constants of CdS and CdTe differ by 10%, the heterojunctions composed of them have excellent electrical properties, and the solar cells produced have a fill factor as high as FF =0.75.

　　Amorphous silicon thin film batteries are generally deposited using PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) method to decompose and deposit high-purity silane and other gases. This manufacturing process can be continuously completed in multiple vacuum deposition chambers during production to achieve mass production. Due to the low deposition and decomposition temperature, thin films can be deposited on glass, stainless steel plates, ceramic plates, and flexible plastic sheets, making it easy to produce in large areas and with low cost. The structure of the amorphous silicon-based solar cell prepared on the glass substrate is: Glass/TCO/p-a-SiC: H/i-a-Si: H/n-a-Si: H/Al. The structure of the amorphous silicon-based solar cell prepared on the stainless steel substrate is: The structure of silicon-based solar cells is: SS/ZnO/n-a-Si:H/i-a-Si(Ge):H/p-a-Si:H/ITO/Al.

　　Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin film solar cells are a new type of photovoltaic cell product that has attracted much attention due to their high efficiency, no degradation, radiation resistance, long life, and low cost. Currently, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory of the United States A battery with a maximum efficiency of 19.9% was prepared using a three-step co-evaporation process on a glass substrate. Recently, CIGS small-area cell efficiency has set a new record, reaching 20.1%.

　　3. Structural design of new thin film battery components

　　The structural design of the new thin film battery module is shown in Figure 1:

　　The structure description is as follows:

　　First layer: light facing surface, using high transmittance photovoltaic conductive glass

　　Second layer: Conductive glass uses coating technology to produce thin-film photoelectric conversion units (thin-film batteries).

　　The third layer: Filling with nitrogen or other inert gases protects the thin film battery from oxidation and corrosion.

　　The fourth layer: back glass, made of ordinary tempered glass.

　　Component borders and surroundings:

　　1) A glass component that is integrated with the front glass can be used, and a component that is integrated with the back glass can be used on the back. The front and back components are mechanically interlocked with each other. Silicone-based sealant seals.

　　2) Separate glass components or metal components can be used for sealing with silicone sealant.

　　3) The contact surfaces between components and components require sealing and mechanical protection.

　　5. Conclusion

　　1) This new thin film module structure eliminates the use of EVA and PVB, and fills inert gases such as nitrogen to chemically protect the thin film battery, thereby greatly reducing the application of polymer organic materials.

　　2) For the frame, the aluminum frame is abandoned and integrated glass components are used for connection and sealant sealing to ensure mechanical requirements, transportation and installation requirements.

　　3) This component can meet the application requirements of building integration (height is limited), and can also be used in ground power stations, street lights, etc.

　　4) Considering the mechanical requirements, the back glass can be filled and modified to meet the mechanical properties such as toughness, bending, and tensile strength of the component.

　　5) Environmentally friendly and economical.

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