12V27A battery

　　12V27A battery industry technology and standardization

　　As a driving power source, the new battery has a range of more than 200km within a weight range acceptable to the mass market. This provides an important way for power batteries to become an alternative energy source for automobiles. In the context of the increasing shortage of fossil energy and the increasingly prominent environmental protection issues, vigorously developing power batteries is one of the national strategic development goals, which requires continued key investment and support from the state in terms of technology and funds.

　　2 The difference between battery power drive and gasoline engine drive

　　Batteries as a power source are not a new topic. As early as 2004, Dr. M. Winter and Dr. R.J. Brodd had compared the volume specific energy of several batteries, liquid hydrogen and liquid natural gas with gasoline (see Figure 1). Facts On the market, the mass specific energy of lithium batteries is about 1/20 of gasoline, and the volume specific energy is about 1/6 of gasoline. Based on the impact of conversion efficiency, the author also compared the range of several battery-powered drives and gasoline engine drives (see Figure 2). The range of a 350kg battery pack is 260km, while the range of 50L gasoline is 720km. Obviously, from an energy perspective, there is a considerable gap between power batteries and traditional gasoline. Two issues derived from this deserve special attention. First, from the perspective of specific energy, traditional energy has an absolute advantage over batteries, and its strategic significance should be given sufficient attention. Second, in view of the widespread concern about the energy crisis and environmental issues, ion batteries have good applicability in terms of endurance energy. If safety issues are solved, this technology can be regarded as a good alternative technology.

　　3. Development status of power batteries at home and abroad

　　From the perspective of a complete industrial chain, the 12V27A battery industry chain includes electrodes and their active materials, electrolytes, separators, production equipment and testing and testing instruments. In the field of cathode materials, the main companies include Valence, phoSTech, A123 and Japan's Mitsui. At present, these suppliers are only doing OEM in order to pursue higher added value and are unwilling to supply lithium iron phosphate materials to the domestic market. Domestic manufacturing companies include Hunan Ruixiang New Materials, Hunan Shanshan New Materials, Beijing Dangsheng Technology, Peking University Xianxian, etc. my country's lithium cobalt oxide and lithium manganate processes are relatively mature, but the most promising lithium iron phosphate cathode material for power lithium-ion batteries is in the initial stage of industrialization.

　　In the field of separator materials for lithium batteries, separators are a high value-added product with the highest technical barriers. The current global demand for separators exceeds hundreds of millions of square meters, and my country’s demand is more than 200 million square meters. With the increase in the number of countries around the world and our country With the implementation of new energy policies and lithium-ion batteries becoming the best choice for electric vehicles, power tools and electric bicycles, the market size of lithium-ion batteries will soon expand to 5 to 10 times the current size. Although the research and development of domestic separators has already begun, they can only produce single-layer membranes, and there are problems with quality uniformity and stability. In order to meet the requirements of power batteries, the research and development of three-layer structure separators is urgently needed.

　　The most critical material in the electrolyte field is the electrolyte. The current electrolyte lithium salt is LipF6, and the global annual output has exceeded 2,000t. Currently, only Japan's Stella, Kanto Denka, and Morita Chemical can produce in batches. The domestic Tianjin Jinniu can produce lithium salt solutions, and the scale is relatively small. , LiFSI is a new type of electrolyte salt with good low-temperature performance, low fluorine content, and better environmental impact than LipF6. It can be used in lithium iron phosphate batteries to improve the battery rate and low-temperature performance, and has broad application prospects.

　　In the field of lithium battery fully automatic production line equipment manufacturing, fully automatic production lines are only available in Japan and South Korea. They are mainly used to produce computer and mobile phone batteries. The automobile industry requires lithium-ion power batteries to have high specific energy, high specific power, long life, and low cost. In particular, the uniform reliability of the product must be ensured. Its manufacturing technology is much more difficult than the requirements for small batteries, which has resulted in the lithium-ion battery industry having to undergo major structural adjustments. The electrode preparation process for small batteries needs to be gradually replaced by new processes, new technologies, and new equipment with high efficiency, low energy consumption, and low pollution. In addition, in view of the heat dissipation and high power input/output requirements of power batteries, the flat battery cell design model has also become a new technical direction, which requires continuous innovation and in-depth development of my country's corresponding battery manufacturing processes and equipment.

　　4 key issues in the development of the 12V27A battery industry

　　Since the development of lithium batteries in our country, more attention has been paid to various technical fields involving batteries and their component industry chains, but not enough attention has been paid to related extension issues.

　　(1) Resource issues of positive and negative electroactive materials

　　Since the birth of lithium batteries, Li, Co, Mn, Ni and related compounds have attracted great attention, especially lithium resources, which are particularly important. According to the current development trajectory of power batteries, about 50% of lithium resources will be exhausted by 2050. On the one hand, the management of these resources should be truly elevated to a strategic level; on the other hand, there needs to be plans to support other new energy power technologies such as fuel cell technology.

　　(2) Environmental issues involved in power batteries

　　Germany's Volkswagen is at the forefront of the world in electric vehicle technology, but according to reports not long ago, Volkswagen announced that it would abandon the most polluting project of electric vehicles - battery manufacturing. One of the core issues involved in this phenomenon is the environmental pollution that may be caused by battery manufacturing.

　　(3) Renewability of energy used by power batteries

　　In essence, power batteries only involve the storage and conversion of energy, but do not produce energy. Where the electric energy comes from and how to make it are also closely related to the environment, because different energy production methods will have different impacts on the environment. Influence. The increasing number of electric vehicles would be good for the environment and the climate if they could generate electricity from "clean" sources. However, if the energy obtained by the 12V27A battery comes from a production model that does not consider the cost of pollution, this has lost the fundamental purpose and significance of the 12V27A battery as a power source for new energy vehicles.

　　5 Problems in the field of standardization and safety testing

　　Our country's large-capacity power lithium battery single cells already have the conditions for promotion and application, and the industrialization construction has achieved remarkable results. In terms of battery cells, the conditions for large-scale production and large-scale application are basically mature. However, starting from the high grouping, system integration, high safety and high standardization requirements of power lithium batteries, the following problems are very prominent.

　　(1) Key quality control methods and reliability assurance technologies still need to be improved

　　Standardization usually involves product technology and standard technical documents themselves. At present, domestic "people-oriented" production lines cannot avoid high defective rates. The existing group application technology and equipment mainly used for lead-acid batteries cannot adapt to the technical requirements of new power batteries. On the one hand, this situation will lead to an increase in battery production costs; on the other hand, it will make battery performance unstable, affecting the consistency and service life of power batteries. The current safety problems such as shortened service life of power lithium batteries and combustion and explosion are all caused by these factors.

　　(2) Standardization lacks unified management

　　Due to historical factors such as industry management in my country, different types of batteries are often produced by companies in different industrial sectors and lead the formulation and revision of their standards. Correspondingly, industry management also belongs to different industrial sectors. National standards coexist with multiple industry standards, and the phenomenon of overlapping and overlapping standards has caused considerable trouble to both product producers and consumers, and has harmed the healthy development of the entire industry.

　　(3) The standard system and market-oriented product and technology support system are incomplete

　　In addition to the completion of several 12V27A battery standards for electric vehicles in the energy-saving and new energy vehicle scientific research projects, power lithium batteries and system integration standards are still in a blank state, and the establishment of a mature market-oriented product and technology support system is the key to popularization and application, including energy saving. The basic conditions for new power lithium battery systems, including new energy vehicles, are currently not met. The two are not only closely connected, but also restrict each other. In order to compete for the market, all enterprises are forced to become closed and independent systems, repeat low-level development and try their best to build impossible independent products and technical support systems, leaving products in complete chaos.

　　(4) There is no neutral 12V27A battery system standard compliance and safety test platform

　　New power lithium battery system integration is an emerging technology field. Power lithium battery system integration involves key components and products such as communication and control networks, interfaces and communication protocols, and involves a variety of high-tech and In the industrial field, complex standard systems are involved, and safety issues are also very prominent. Only when products pass scientific and reasonable standard compliance testing and safety tests can the quality reliability and safety performance of the product be fundamentally guaranteed. The current lack of standards in the 12V27A battery field and the imperfect standardization work platform will inevitably affect the standardized and scientific development of the industry.

　　6 The necessity of standardization and safety test engineering technology platform construction

　　(1) Standardization research needs to be carried out in new technology fields

　　As an emerging technology field, new power lithium battery system integration is a new type of battery that is completely different from lead-acid batteries. The current group application technology and equipment mainly used for lead-acid batteries cannot adapt to the characteristics of new power lithium batteries. The relevant supporting standards need to be based on mature industrial technology research and standard compliance testing.

　　(2) Market-oriented product and technical support systems are the basic conditions for promoting new energy vehicles and power lithium battery systems

　　Establishing a mature market-oriented product and technical support system is a basic condition for promoting the application of new power lithium battery systems, including energy-saving and new energy vehicles. Standards are the basis for quality assurance. To establish a relevant market-oriented guarantee system, it is necessary to establish a 12V27A battery industry standardization and safety test engineering technology platform.

　　(3) Safety evaluation is an important part of the standardization of power batteries

　　Compared with ordinary portable lithium-ion batteries, power batteries have particularly prominent safety issues. The FAA test report published by the American Small Rechargeable Battery Association believes that a very small fire source can fully heat a lithium-ion battery above the temperature that opens the pressure release mechanism; the electrolyte is highly flammable and easy to ignite, and a fully charged battery is in flames. More explosive. In addition, relevant research institutions have proposed that the process of on-site failure caused by internal short circuit is essentially different from the process caused by abuse conditions. Once the local temperature near the internal short circuit point reaches a certain level, all energetic materials in the battery may be decomposed. For Therefore, most of the protective measures currently taken are ineffective. To solve this problem, we must pay attention to the research on safety test methods and the construction of means.

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