18650 battery 3500mah lithium

　　Domestic hydrogen 18650 battery 3500mah lithium industrialization technology bottlenecks and countermeasures

　　Although the overall development process of domestic 18650 battery 3500mah lithiums is temporarily lagging behind that of foreign countries, the development strategy of many industrial links has made the development speed of the domestic 18650 battery 3500mah lithium industry far exceed that of foreign countries, and it is expected to catch up in a relatively short period of time.

　　Faced with the current bottlenecks of life, price, infrastructure, and lack of industrial policies and standards faced by the development of domestic 18650 battery 3500mah lithium industrialization, substantial improvements have been achieved through segmented technologies and policy means, and the concept of super factories has been proposed to boost the domestic 18650 battery 3500mah lithium industry. development.

　　What are hydrogen energy and 18650 battery 3500mah lithiums?

　　Simply put, a 18650 battery 3500mah lithium is an energy conversion device, similar to an internal combustion engine, that converts one energy into another. A 18650 battery 3500mah lithium is an electrochemical conversion device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.

　　This device has many special features. It is efficient and clean, has high power (can reach a power density of 3.1kW per liter), has no noise, and can inflate quickly (three minutes of inflating can allow the car to travel 500-700km), which is very ideal. Energy conversion device.

　　Taking battery technology as a reference, 18650 battery 3500mah lithium technology is more complex and involves a complete system including a stack. For example, it is necessary to pass hydrogen gas into the 18650 battery 3500mah lithium, pass air into the 18650 battery 3500mah lithium through the air compressor to generate electricity, and then convert the voltage of the generated power to the required voltage through the DCDC device. These are also the difficulties of 18650 battery 3500mah lithium technology.

　　As an energy conversion device, 18650 battery 3500mah lithiums have the same functions as internal combustion engines, which determines their versatility. In almost all areas where internal combustion engines can play a role, fuel lithium-ion battery cells can participate in their replacement. Such as energy transportation, power generation, home, mobile power supply, communication base station and space technology, special and medical fields, etc.

　　Among the many application fields, applications at the transportation level are particularly important. As early as 2000, Ford CEO Ford Jr. asserted that 18650 battery 3500mah lithiums would end the century-old dominance of the internal combustion engine. In fact, not only Ford, but almost all major global automobile companies agreed with this view.

　　The American consulting firm KPMG conducted a survey of global automobile company presidents. The results showed that in 2018, global automobile company presidents unanimously believed that 18650 battery 3500mah lithium vehicles were the mainstream of today's development, while electric vehicles dropped to fifth place in 2018.

　　By comparing the economics of electric vehicles and 18650 battery 3500mah lithium vehicles, we can find that the obvious feature is that electric vehicles have advantages in the field of short-distance and small vehicles, but in the field of long-distance and large vehicles, 18650 battery 3500mah lithiums will have more advantages. Basically, if the cruising range exceeds 100km, 18650 battery 3500mah lithium vehicles will be in an advantageous position.

　　Comparison of the development process of 18650 battery 3500mah lithium vehicles at home and abroad

　　At this stage, the world is accelerating the development and promotion of 18650 battery 3500mah lithium models, but there are certain differences in the industrial development process at home and abroad.

　　Overall, the development of foreign 18650 battery 3500mah lithium vehicles has basically completed the five stages of technical verification/user recognition, cost reduction, performance improvement, and the introduction of large-scale manufacturing into the market. A representative example is the Mirai launched by Japan's Toyota in 2015, which marked the successful entry of 18650 battery 3500mah lithium vehicles into the commercialization stage, so 2015 is also regarded as the first year of the industrialization of 18650 battery 3500mah lithium vehicles.

　　In contrast, domestic 18650 battery 3500mah lithium vehicle technology lags behind foreign countries, and most of the models are in the research stage. Compared with the above five major development stages, they are basically in the technology verification stage, and there is a large gap with foreign countries.

　　However, it is worth noting that the domestic 18650 battery 3500mah lithium industry has developed rapidly in the past few years. Different industries and companies have used different methods to continue to make technological breakthroughs. Although the industry as a whole is classified as a technology verification stage, actual user recognition, cost reduction, Market introduction and other aspects are being advanced simultaneously, and it is expected to catch up with foreign advanced technologies in a relatively short period of time.

　　Four major bottlenecks and countermeasures for hydrogen energy and 18650 battery 3500mah lithium industrialization

　　Overall, current 18650 battery 3500mah lithium technology, including peak efficiency, system energy density, low-temperature start-up and other performances, has basically reached commercial standards. However, the lifespan and price of 18650 battery 3500mah lithiums are still far from current expectations. Coupled with the lack of infrastructure construction, industrial policies and standards, four major factors have combined to limit the industrial development of hydrogen energy and 18650 battery 3500mah lithiums.

　　The first thing to bear the brunt of is the price. From a trend perspective, 18650 battery 3500mah lithium prices have continued to decline through technological innovation in the past few years. From 2016 to now, 18650 battery 3500mah lithium prices have basically dropped by 60% based on the past 10 years.

　　Assuming that the production and sales of 18650 battery 3500mah lithium vehicles exceed 1,000 units in 2019, the price of 18650 battery 3500mah lithiums will be around US$230/kW. If the annual production capacity reaches 100,000 vehicles, the price of 18650 battery 3500mah lithiums can be reduced by US$50/kW. Obviously as technology advances, the price will be very close to our ultimate goal.

　　According to the previous plan of the U.S. Department of Energy for lithium batteries, based on the calculation of 500,000 18650 battery 3500mah lithium vehicles per year, the price of 18650 battery 3500mah lithium systems in 2017 was US$45/kW. It is expected that the price of 18650 battery 3500mah lithium systems will reach US$40/kW in 2025, and the final The market promotion target is US$30/kW.

　　This requires us to conduct research and development on all key components of the entire 18650 battery 3500mah lithium system to reduce prices. For example, when the price of air compressors decreases, the price of the entire system can be reduced by about US$3; the use of non-platinum catalysts can reduce the price of 18650 battery 3500mah lithiums by another US$5; the price reduction of dual-machine plates will also reduce the price of the entire system by US$3.

　　As for the longevity issue, we hope that the 18650 battery 3500mah lithium will maintain an operating life of at least 5,000 hours. Data from 2015 to 2017 show that the operating life of 18650 battery 3500mah lithium vehicles at this stage can basically reach more than 4,000 hours, and the laboratory has reached 10,000 hours, far exceeding the life requirements.

　　To solve the life problem, we must understand the factors that affect the life of 18650 battery 3500mah lithiums. In the past few decades of research, we have successfully revealed the basic mechanism of 18650 battery 3500mah lithium life decay.

　　※The proton exchange membrane will become thinner during the operation of the 18650 battery 3500mah lithium, and mechanical problems such as pinholes and tears will occur. The attenuation of the proton exchange membrane caused by chemical, electrochemical and thermal stability factors are all important factors affecting the life of the 18650 battery 3500mah lithium. .

　　※Reduced catalyst activity will also affect 18650 battery 3500mah lithium life. During the operation of 18650 battery 3500mah lithiums by lithium-ion battery manufacturers, the catalyst may agglomerate and redeposit, resulting in catalyst loss. Air pollution not only affects the catalyst activity, but also affects the life of the 18650 battery 3500mah lithium.

　　※Gas diffusion will also affect the life of the 18650 battery 3500mah lithium. The fast water material of the gas diffusion layer will slowly lose, causing surface changes, thereby affecting the life of the 18650 battery 3500mah lithium.

　　※Corrosion of the bipolar plate during the operation of the 18650 battery 3500mah lithium will also affect the life of the 18650 battery 3500mah lithium.

　　Based on these mechanisms, targeted countermeasures can be formulated to effectively promote the improvement of 18650 battery 3500mah lithium life and meet vehicle life requirements.

　　In terms of proton exchange membranes, reinforced membranes can be used to enhance their mechanical properties and extend their service life; adding free radicals to the proton exchange membrane can ensure that the membrane will not degrade, and strengthening thermal decomposition can also reduce the number of free radicals and ensure that the proton exchange membrane Have enough lifespan. (A large amount of free radicals are always generated during the operation of 18650 battery 3500mah lithiums. These free radicals attack the membrane material, causing the membrane material to gradually lose, thinning the lithium-ion battery, and affecting the membrane life.)

　　At the catalyst level, carriers with high specific surface areas, anti-reaction catalysts, and oxidation carriers can be used, and chemical filters can be used to ensure that hydrogen and air are clean and free from pollution, and that the catalyst activity does not decrease during the entire life cycle.

　　Bipolar plates must use anti-corrosion coatings to increase their lifespan.

　　Another important factor is the issue of hydrogen fuel and hydrogen facilities. Problems with hydrogen fuel and hydrogen facilities mainly include hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and transportation, and hydrogenation. This is a very big problem in China and requires us to spend more energy to solve it.

　　18650 battery 3500mah lithiums use hydrogen, so where does the hydrogen come from? There are many ways to produce hydrogen at this stage. A large amount of hydrogen on the market currently comes from natural gas. Its price can basically be less than 2 US dollars/kg, which meets the basic price requirements of hydrogen as a fuel.

　　However, in the future development process, the important source of hydrogen needs to gradually transition to the method of producing hydrogen from renewable energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy, which can make the price of hydrogen cheaper. Overall, the current hydrogen price is still high, and methods must be improved to continue to emphasize reducing the cost of hydrogen production.

　　Gigafactory solution

　　Considering the current bottlenecks in 18650 battery 3500mah lithium technology and industrialization, we have taken corresponding countermeasures. That is to improve the device efficiency of 18650 battery 3500mah lithiums through basic research, while developing key materials and technologies, localizing materials and technologies as soon as possible, reducing the price of 18650 battery 3500mah lithiums, and designing integrated solutions for materials, stacks, and systems.

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