18650 lithium battery 3.7 v

　　Revealed: How to choose digital power integrated circuits?

　　As engineers become familiar with digital power technology and its advantages, the development of various digital power supplies is gaining momentum. Power system and 18650 lithium battery 3.7 v designers have realized that deploying digital power is not a completely new design that is a revolutionary shift from existing technology. Because there are so many types of digital power devices on the market today, designers can immediately take advantage of them and apply them to any design project. You can get very valuable and quite rich profits from this.

　　Digital 18650 lithium battery 3.7 v size and cost overview

　　The evolution of digital power utilizing mixed-signal processing developments. Mixed signal processing meets the needs of both digital and analog circuits. Digital circuits range from microprocessors and state machines to communications peripherals and simple logic circuits. Memory is also included in this section. Analog circuits can include operational amplifiers and comparators, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), digital-to-analog converters (DACs), pulse-width modulator (PWM) generators and references, and many more. Taking full advantage of this processing technology allows these devices to optimize the distribution of analog and digital circuits while integrating these devices on a single chip. System cost is reduced by reducing bill of materials (BOM) cost and component count, and the system is more reliable because it contains fewer interconnected components. Since one controller potentially serves many solutions, manufacturers have fewer minimum stock keeping units (SKUs) to track and stock.

　　For example, integrating a multi-purpose microcontroller (MCU) that can perform a range of power-related functions can eliminate the need for other independent control chips. Many power management features can be programmed for integrated MCUs, such as overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent conditions and other functions. Depending on the processing capabilities of the digital MCU, digital power devices can be configured to include a variety of power conversion features, such as simple to complex topology support, adaptive loop compensation, slope compensation for peak current mode control, current sharing, and temperature compensation. . Another example is providing power factor correction (PFC) while performing electronic metering functions. By offering a variety of digital power devices, designers can select the functionality that best suits their application without worrying about the burden of additional, unused functionality.

　　Power topology flexibility

　　The inherent flexibility of digital technology allows digital power devices with integrated digital MCUs or configurable state machines to become a platform that supports all major traditional power topologies, as well as any new and more sophisticated topologies that may emerge. Supported topologies will include phase-shifted full bridge, multi-phase interleaved PFC, bridgeless PFC, resonant LLC, bidirectional DC/DC, bidirectional DC/AC and PFC, three-phase inverter, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) DC/DC and other topologies. Because of this flexibility and integrated peripherals, digital power devices are able to provide precise waveform control using high-resolution phase, frequency and duty cycle control algorithms.

　　efficiency

　　Advanced control algorithms enable digital power devices to improve 18650 lithium battery 3.7 v and system efficiency, thereby reducing power consumption and host system energy consumption. This has a significant impact on the operating costs of many applications such as data centers and mass storage systems. Adaptive digital control enables rapid adjustments to changing line and load conditions to optimize power and system efficiency. For example, for more efficient power transfer, the control method of the power stage can be changed in real time, or the power conversion can be adjusted to reduce its power consumption under light load or no load conditions.

　　Reliability and security

　　Digital power devices can easily interact with other digital and analog components in the system, which means they can effectively improve the reliability and safety of the host system by performing system-level monitoring and fault response. In fact, the programmable nature of digital controllers allows them to support multi-protocol communication on a variety of buses such as PMBus, I2C, SCI, SPI, CAN and other types of buses, so that the system can easily interface with the power subsystem. system communications. By monitoring and recording data throughout the system, digital power technology aids in system diagnosis, providing early fault and error alerts so the system can take appropriate response actions.

　　Wide Bandgap (WBG) Compatibility

　　Rather than waiting for new analog controllers to be developed that address the new capabilities of WBG devices, it is better to use some digital power solutions now. While providing extremely high-resolution timing control, digital power has the ability to support all power topologies. New devices such as gallium nitride (GaN) can be used for higher switching frequencies, lower switching losses, larger Power density and zero reverse recovery in advanced topologies.

　　TI’s digital power innovations

　　Texas Instruments' digital power technology portfolio is the most comprehensive in the industry. While other suppliers may be able to offer specialized digital power solutions for one or more segments of this industry, TI's broad portfolio of digital power innovations can meet any possible design need.

　　Overall, digital power technology is suitable for many applications, from relatively simple functions to the most complex power management tasks. The digital power market is usually segmented into 4 different device types, each with its own advantages and solutions. These devices are: digital power controller; analog power regulator with digital interface; digital power sequencer; digital hot-swap controller. Next, each product category is explained and some of the devices in TI's digital power product library are discussed.

　　Digital power controller

　　Digital power controllers regulate the output of different types of power supplies, from AC/DC to DC/AC supplies, isolated DC/DC, point-of-load (POL) regulators, power regulators and filters, and other devices. Because of their integrated MCUs and power-specific peripherals, digital power controllers have the computing power needed to simultaneously perform loop compensation and manage feedback loops to maintain proper output regulation or regulation, as well as perform other system-level monitoring and the ability to perform voltage stabilization tasks. These devices feature peripherals optimized for power management applications.

　　TI's digital power controllers have some unique features in the industry. For example, their high frequency and high resolution operation make them compatible with GaN technology, providing high switching speeds and low power losses. In addition, all TI digital power controllers feature excellent transient response and dynamic performance. These functions are implemented by different technologies. In some cases, digital power controllers are designed for very fast interrupts, which reduces the delay between control loop sampling and response calculations. In other cases, peripherals integrated with dedicated ADCs and calculation engines are used to provide fast response to the control loop. Typically, these fast response capabilities allow the controller to reduce the impact of differences between power stage components.

　　The MCU programmability integrated into TI's digital power controllers makes them fully configurable and capable of controlling complex topologies, as well as operating modes such as bidirectional, multiphase resequencing and phase correction, adaptive dead-time control, and other modes of operation. In addition, these controllers can be configured to support system-level monitoring, instrumentation and communications on a variety of buses, including PMBus. This enables sophisticated power management processes such as online diagnostics and reporting, on-site power consumption data collection to optimize designs, and new parameters can be written to the controller via a digital interface. Because of this, a variety of topologies can be used to monitor control loops. In fact, by using digital compensation of the controller, it is possible to completely avoid executing a control loop with external components. The monitoring and data logging performed by the controller can also form the basis for early fault alarms, which in turn enables the system to take steps to reduce the impact of these faults.

　　C2000TM Microcontroller

　　Design flexibility and ease of development make the TIC2000MCU a core component in many power system designs in a wide range of applications. With the full programmability of high-level C language and easily changeable configuration variables, C2000MCU has shown its powerful capabilities. They can form the basis of many platform architectures, and these architectures can be easily adjusted to meet specific design needs. This also includes the most advanced power topologies. The highly configurable PWM and ADC combination enables the C2000MCU to support the most sophisticated power control functions. Modular software libraries provided in C speed the intuitive development of system-level applications. TI's C2000 real-time C28x processing core features up to 200MHz processing power to support the most sophisticated power systems. In addition to its main processing core, the C2000MCU also features a RISC-based control law accelerator (CLA) real-time co-processor with a speed processing capability of up to 200MHz. These two completely different processing resources can achieve effective division of processing load. The CLA can undertake control loop processing and other real-time tasks, reducing the burden of processing these tasks on the main core, so that the main core can specialize in communication protocol processing or additional control. Housekeeping tasks for loop control. This makes the entire power system more efficient and responsive. Leveraging resources such as up to 12 pairs of high-speed, high-resolution PWMs (150ps resolution rating), the C2000MCU is capable of driving high switching frequencies and a large number of phases or rails while reducing design size. The integrated high-speed ADC has a processing speed of up to 4MSPS and a resolution of up to 16 bits. C2000MCU also supports the most common real-time communication protocols, including I2C, SCI, SPI, CAN and PMBus.

　　By integrating all the resources required for a precision control architecture into one easily programmable, configurable device, the C2000 MCU reduces the hardware complexity of the rest of the system while reducing size and cost. High-resolution ADCs and DACs synchronized with multiple PWM events enable extensive control, and on-chip functionality, including slope compensation circuitry, supports peak current mode and other precision control mechanisms. Several integrated resources such as comparators and trigger zone inputs from multiple sources enable multiple protection functions for the power stage, including overvoltage, undervoltage, and overcurrent protection. The redundancy provided by multiple on-chip clocks improves power system reliability through backup of clock sources. In fact, the C2000MCU features a 3-clock protection system configuration in which one clock automatically switches to a backup clock if the other clock fails.

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