3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium battery

　　Detailed in-depth analysis of Tesla 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterymanagement system

　　Accurately estimate the state of charge of the power 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack:

　　Accurately estimate the state of charge (SOC) of the power 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack, that is, the remaining 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterycapacity, to ensure that the SOC is maintained within a reasonable range and prevent damage to the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterydue to overcharge or overdischarge, thereby predicting the storage capacity of hybrid vehicles at any time. How much energy is left in the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryor the state of charge of the energy storage battery.

　　Dynamically monitor the working status of the power 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack:

　　During the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterycharging and discharging process, the terminal voltage and temperature, charge and discharge current and total 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack voltage of each 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryin the electric vehicle 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack (should be a power 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack) are collected in real time to prevent the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryfrom overcharging or over-discharging. . At the same time, the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterystatus can be given in time, problematic batteries can be selected, and the reliability and efficiency of the entire 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack can be maintained, making it possible to implement the remaining power estimation model. In addition, a usage history file for each 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterymust be established to provide information for further optimization and development of new batteries, chargers, motors, etc., and to provide a basis for offline analysis of system failures.

　　Balance between single cells and 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypacks:

　　That is, balancing is performed between single cells and 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypacks so that each 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryin the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack reaches a balanced and consistent state. 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterybalancing is generally divided into active balancing and passive balancing. Most of the BMS currently put into the market adopt passive equilibrium. Balance technology is a key technology of 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryenergy management system that the world is currently researching and developing.

　　Development status of 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterymanagement system

　　In the future, electric vehicles will use lithium batteries as their main power source. The main reason is that lithium batteries have the advantage of high energy density, so their performance is relatively stable. However, the quality of lithium batteries is not easy to control when mass-produced. There are slight differences in 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypower when the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterycells leave the factory. With the operating environment, aging and other factors, the inconsistency between batteries will become more and more obvious, and the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryefficiency and lifespan will also become worse. In addition, overcharging or over-discharging may lead to safety issues such as fire and combustion in severe cases. Therefore, the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterymanagement system (BMS) can accurately measure the usage status of the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack, protect the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryfrom overcharging and discharging, balance the power of each 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryin the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack, and analyze and calculate the power of the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack and convert it into driving energy. Understand the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterylife information to ensure that the power 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterycan operate safely.

　　In 2012, the global 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterymanagement system (BMS) market output value grew by more than 10%, and the growth rate will jump sharply to 25-35% from 2013 to 2015. At this stage, both vehicle manufacturers, 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterymanufacturers, and related vehicle electrical component manufacturers are investing in the research and development of 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterymanagement systems (BMS) in order to master the key technologies of the electric vehicle industry. Since vehicle manufacturers are users of 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterymanagement systems, many vehicle manufacturers Prefer to use its own software processing and control it with special factory regulations to maintain operational flexibility. The development of the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterymanagement system (BMS) industry may be similar to that of lithium batteries. In order to master key technologies, car manufacturers will work closely with long-term suppliers to develop products, making it difficult for new manufacturers to enter. Therefore, in the future, if new manufacturers want to enter the supply chain of car manufacturers, they must not only strengthen cooperative relationships with relevant supply chains, but also create customized solutions based on needs to seize the opportunity.

　　Tesla 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterysystem

　　The 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterysystem is the power source of electric vehicles and the core system component in the entire industry chain. Taking the Tesla Model S as an example, its 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterysystem (lithium 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium battery+ 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterymanagement system) accounts for 56% of the cost, while the traditional car engine accounts for only about 15%-25%. By 2016, the cost proportion of the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterysystem has declined, and the cost structure has also changed. The cost of single batteries accounts for 83%, the cost of the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterymanagement system accounts for about 13%, and the remaining 4% is the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterycooling system. . By thoroughly sorting out the composition of Tesla's 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterysystem and Tesla's supporting charging facilities, we can have an intuitive and in-depth understanding of Tesla's 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryindustry chain, and can also draw parallels to other new energy vehicles. effect. At present, the cost of 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterysystems is one of the most important factors restricting the development of Tesla and other new energy vehicles. Understanding the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterysystem is equivalent to having the key to unlocking the new energy vehicle industry.

　　By thoroughly sorting out the composition of Tesla's 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterysystem and Tesla's supporting charging facilities, we can have an intuitive and in-depth understanding of Tesla's 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryindustry chain, and can also draw parallels to other new energy vehicles. effect. At present, the cost of 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterysystems is one of the most important factors restricting the development of Tesla and other new energy vehicles. Understanding the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterysystem is equivalent to having the key to unlocking the new energy vehicle industry.

　　If an electric vehicle wants to be practical, it must consider its endurance after a single charge and the convenience of charging. To understand these two points, it is necessary to pay attention to the structure of its 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryand the charging speed and equipment distribution of charging equipment. Model S has been launched with 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypower models of 40, 60, 70, 75, 85, 90, and 100kWh. For models 85kWh and above, there are also some performance versions that provide better power performance to choose from, such as the perf version and Ludicrous Version. Different models have different maximum driving distance and maximum horsepower per full charge. With the advancement of technology and in order to better cater to people's needs, Tesla has successively canceled some Model S 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterymodels. The power models that can still be ordered today are 75, 90, and 100kWh.

　　Model According to information from Zhongguancun Online, the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack power of the basic version of the Model 3 electric vehicle designed by Tesla is approximately 60kWh. Based on Musk's Twitter and related information, Genleifeng.com speculated that there may only be a 75kWh version at most. This is mainly due to the fact that Model 3 has a smaller wheelbase than Model S and Model X, and Model 3 is also positioned as an entry-level model. According to Elon Musk’s Twitter message on July 9, the first Model 3 rolled off the production line that day, and Tesla will hold a delivery ceremony for the first 30 consumers who ordered Model 3 on July 28. In addition, the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryused by Model 3 is also different from Model S and Model X. At a media briefing held by Tesla Motors Japan on July 15, 2015, Kurt Kelty, the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterytechnology director of the U.S. parent company, announced that Model 3 will use a new 21700 lithium battery, and its energy density will be higher than that used in Model S and Model X. The 18650 lithium 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryis 30% higher.

　　Structure of Tesla batteries and panels

　　Unlike other electric vehicles, the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryused by Tesla is not a dedicated large battery, but is assembled from thousands of small cylindrical batteries. Model S and Model Conventional 18650 lithium batteries are widely used in laptop batteries, and their chemical formula is LiNiCoAlO2.

　　The advantage of using a single 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryis that the explosion power of a single 18650 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryis limited. Even if one 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryunit connected in parallel fails, the driving distance will be shortened by at most the driving distance provided by one 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryunit. Moreover, the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterytechnology is mature and suitable for mass production. At the same time, the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryhas good consistency and low cost.

　　Due to the excellent thermal management system of Tesla electric vehicles, Panasonic's specially designed 18650 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryfor Tesla has been able to remove some redundant safety features compared to conventional models, making it lighter and cheaper. At the same time, Tesla installed a fuse on each cell instead of the usual fuse on the entire 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack.

　　Since the power system uses small single batteries, Tesla's 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterysystem structure is extremely complex and sophisticated. Taking the Model S85kWh model as an example, the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryboard is divided into 16 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypacks. Each rectangular block as shown in the figure below is a 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack, and two groups are stacked on the far right.

　　The 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypacks are connected in series with a total voltage of 402 volts. Each Tesla 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack is composed of 6 single 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypacks connected in series, and each 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack is composed of 74 18650 batteries connected in parallel. In order to facilitate the placement of heat dissipation pipes in the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack, the single 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypacks are arranged irregularly.

　　Therefore, the Model S85kWh model uses up to 7104 batteries. Calculated based on the operating voltage of 3.6V and the capacity of 3.2Ah, the total power is about 82kWh, which is slightly lower than the power stated in the model. The 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack composed of more than 7,000 cells weighs nearly 700 kilograms, accounting for nearly half of the weight of the entire vehicle. Similarly, the 100kWh model 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypanel uses a total of 8256 single cells, which are also divided into 16 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypacks.

　　In order to protect the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack, Tesla designed a waterproof and breathable valve on the top surface of the front of the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack, which uses the order of magnitude difference in volume between gas molecules and liquid and dust particles to allow gas molecules to pass through, but liquid and dust cannot pass through, thus It is waterproof and breathable to prevent water vapor from condensing inside the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack.

　　The placement of the Model S 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypanel is just right so that it becomes the floor between the axles. This design brings many benefits. Since the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypanel is the heaviest part of the entire vehicle (the Model S 85kWh model 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack weighs 544 kilograms), the height of the center of gravity of the Model S is only 18 inches, so it has a large lateral acceleration (0.9g) and good rollover resistance.

　　At the same time, in order to protect the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypanel at the bottom, Tesla also added a layer of protective structure made of aluminum alloy (or steel, fiberglass, carbon fiber, plastic, etc., the Model S currently uses aluminum alloy) material on the lower part of the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypanel. Wrap the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterymodule and maintain a certain buffer distance, and name it Ballistic Armor (BallisTIcShield).

　　Tesla 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterycooling system

　　In addition to the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypack, the most common thing in the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypanel is the coolant pipeline. Every Tesla has a dedicated liquid circulation temperature management system surrounding each single battery.

　　Coolant is green in color and is a mixture of 50% water and 50% ethylene glycol. The coolant continuously flows in the pipes and will eventually be emitted from the heat exchanger at the head of the vehicle, thereby maintaining a balanced 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterytemperature and preventing excessive local temperature of the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryfrom causing degradation of 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryperformance. Tesla's 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterythermal management system can control the temperature between 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypacks to ±2°C. Controlling the temperature of the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypanels can effectively extend the service life of the battery.

　　Tesla supporting charging facilities

　　Tesla's charging methods are mainly divided into three methods: home charging, destination charging and super charging stations.

　　Home charging is Tesla’s main charging method. Tesla vehicles can be charged directly through 220V10A/16A household sockets. Most of the electricity used by ordinary domestic households is 220V40A meters, but most sockets are 10A or 16A. Connect the charging cable provided with the TESLA car to the corresponding plug and select the charging current of 10A or 16A. It can be charged without installing a separate meter or modifying any equipment. However, the charging speed is slow and it can provide about 8 kilometers of 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterylife per hour.

　　Since most residential areas in China use 220V single-phase power supply, the maximum current can reach 40A. By installing the home charging pile that comes with each Model S and Model X in your own parking space, you can charge with a charging current of 40A. In this way, the charging speed can be much faster than that provided by the 16A charging current of most domestic electric vehicles.

　　In addition, you can also choose to install a Tesla-specific charging wall (HighpowerWallConnector). Apply for an 80A electric meter separately or increase the capacity of the existing electric meter, and achieve fast charging by installing a TESLA-specific charging wall and a second charger (in the car, optional when purchasing the car). It can charge up to 17.6kWh per hour and can travel 80-100 kilometers. It takes 5-6 hours to go from no power to full power.

　　Destination charging is a charging method designed to facilitate travel. Tesla has cooperated to install destination charging stations in some restaurants, hotels, shopping malls and resorts, and car owners can also charge after arriving at these places. The charging piles at the destination charging station are exactly the same as the charging piles or charging walls installed in home charging. The charging standard is also determined by the installing company. Tesla’s official website shows that it currently has 654 charging stations in 30 domestic provinces (including municipalities and autonomous regions).

　　In addition to the above two charging methods, Tesla also has a DC fast charging method called super charging. Tesla claims that its Supercharger station is currently the fastest charging station in the world, and charging usually only takes dozens of minutes. Charging stations are usually located near restaurants, shopping malls, WiFi hotspots, etc., and can be charged while parking. This is the first choice for long journeys by car.

　　According to Tesla’s official website, 861 super charging stations have been established around the world, with a total of 5,655 super charging piles. According to Tesla China’s official Weibo post in June, 117 super charging stations and 554 super charging piles have been built in China. At the same time, Tesla’s global charging network will double in size in 2017; the expansion of China’s charging network will also follow the global expansion rate.

　　Some Tesla Supercharging stations also use solar panels to provide part of the charging power and also have a sunshade effect. The cost of each charging pile is approximately US$100,000 to US$175,000, with most of the funds going to reshaping the foundation.

　　Previously, Elon Musk revealed on Twitter that Tesla will upgrade Superger, and the output power is likely to exceed 350kW, which will undoubtedly further greatly speed up charging and reduce charging time.

　　The charging gun used in super charging piles is also an extremely technology-intensive component. When a Tesla is charging at a Supercharger, the sensor in the charging gun will always detect the temperature changes of the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batteryin the car. Once the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterytemperature is too high, the charging gun will immediately send out a signal to reduce the charging intensity and lower the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterytemperature. At the same time, the cooling system in the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypanel will also respond accordingly to increase the cooling intensity simultaneously. This process of automatically adjusting the charging intensity is the current of the electric gun, 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterycooling system, and charging pile, all working together in a highly coordinated manner.

　　In addition to Tesla, there are other brands of electric vehicles on the market, which also have their own charging piles. Electric power companies such as State Grid and China Southern Power Grid have also built some public charging piles. Tesla officially released the new national standard charging adapter at the Guangzhou Auto Show in November 2016. Since then, Tesla electric vehicles can not only be charged in Tesla’s charging network, but also using charging facilities that comply with China’s new national standards.

　　Plug one end of the adapter into a non-Tesla charging pile plug that meets the new national standard, and plug the other end into the Tesla car.to charge. However, at present, some charging piles require corresponding charging cards to charge, and the charging speeds are also uneven.

　　Tesla 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterycharge management technology

　　The speed of charging Tesla electric vehicles is due to its fast charging technology. Through variable current and three-stage charging methods, the charging current is reasonably distributed to charge quickly with the highest charging efficiency. The technology used in today’s fast charging of mobile phones is similar to this.

　　For lithium batteries, the smaller the chance of deep discharge, the longer the life. On the contrary, frequent deep discharge (using the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterypower below 20%) will cause the 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterylife to be reduced. Under its unique process, Tesla batteries can double the total 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterylife in the 50-0% cycle mode (using no more than 50% of the battery's power). In deep cycle mode, the capacity decays to 50% after 900 cycles. Therefore, from the perspective of protecting 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterylife, you can try to control each trip within 80% of the maximum 3.7v 2200mah 18650 lithium batterylife, and avoid recharging after the power consumption exceeds 80%. However, you can deep discharge regularly to activate the battery.

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