402030 battery

402030 battery system technology path

The 402030 battery system is a power generation system with a 402030 battery stack as the core, using each subsystem to supply fuel and oxidant into the stack for reaction to generate electricity and pure water, and maintaining the temperature of the stack through coolant circulation. Vehicles equipped with a 402030 battery system as the main power source have the characteristics of no pollution, high efficiency, short hydrogen refueling time, and long driving range compared to traditional internal combustion locomotives or pure electric vehicles, which improves the vehicle's use experience and environmental friendliness.

So what are the typical types of 402030 battery systems?

For systems with hydrogen as the anode reactant, 402030 battery systems can be divided into hydrogen-oxygen systems, hydrogen-air systems, and reforming hydrogen-air systems. Among them, hydrogen-oxygen systems are generally only used in areas where air cannot be obtained, such as special and space, due to the high technical difficulty and the increase in volume and weight caused by pure oxygen storage.

Reforming hydrogen/air system

To avoid the complexity of hydrogen on-board storage, some 402030 battery systems can use hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline and methanol to react through the on-board reforming system to generate hydrogen for the 402030 battery stack reaction. However, the on-board reforming system is relatively complex. On the one hand, the conditions for reforming hydrogen production are relatively harsh, and the generated hydrogen needs to be purified. On the other hand, the commonly used methanol fuel has certain toxicity, and a reliable method is required to prevent overflow. At present, there are few vehicles that use this system technology route.

Hydrogen-air system

The hydrogen-air system is the most common system used in vehicles, including Toyota MIRAI, Honda CLARITY, Hyundai NEXO, SAIC Roewe FCV950, etc., which are all equipped with hydrogen-air 402030 battery systems. The power of the 402030 battery system for on-board applications is generally between 30~100kW, and generally uses a 402030 battery system with pressurized reaction medium; this type of system is generally composed of an air subsystem, a hydrogen subsystem, a thermal management subsystem and a control system. The typical architecture of this type of system is shown in the figure below.

The air subsystem generally includes air filters, air compressors, air intercoolers, humidifiers, air path valves and other components. The air from the external environment is filtered through the filter, and the gas pressure and temperature required by the stack are achieved under the coordinated work of the compressor and the intercooler, and when necessary, it is humidified by the humidifier and enters the cathode side of the stack to participate in the reaction. In addition, air path valves are mainly used for air path flow distribution and pressure regulation.

The hydrogen subsystem generally includes components such as hydrogen injectors and hydrogen exhaust valves. The hydrogen supplied by the on-board hydrogen supply system is regulated by the injector and enters the anode side of the stack at a certain pressure and flow to participate in the reaction, and the hydrogen exhaust valve is opened when necessary to discharge the nitrogen and liquid water accumulated on the anode side.

The thermal management subsystem generally includes components such as cooling pumps, thermostats, and radiators. Under the condition of coolant circulation, the heat generated by the stack reaction is discharged out of the system to maintain the appropriate reaction temperature of the 402030 battery stack.

The control subsystem generally includes a 402030 battery system controller, various sensors, and various actuators. Through real-time measurement of sensors such as current, voltage, temperature, and pressure, the system controller controls the action of each actuator according to a certain control strategy based on the current system state to achieve a response to the vehicle power request.

Humidification method

During the reaction process of the 402030 battery stack, the proton exchange membrane needs to maintain a certain humidity to ensure a high reaction efficiency, so the reaction medium is required to carry a certain amount of water vapor into the stack. Currently, the common humidification methods are divided into external humidification and internal humidification.

External humidification generally refers to the inclusion of a humidifier in the air subsystem, and the air enters the 402030 battery stack with a higher humidity after passing through the humidifier to participate in the reaction. The working principle of the humidifier is that the water generated by the 402030 battery stack reaction enters one side of the humidifier, and enters the air inlet side through a certain exchange form in the humidifier to achieve humidification of the inlet air.

Internal humidification generally refers to the inclusion of a hydrogen circulation pump in the hydrogen subsystem, and the wet hydrogen at the outlet of the 402030 battery stack is mixed with the dry hydrogen at the inlet to achieve humidification of the hydrogen at the inlet of the 402030 battery stack. When the system is humidified in the hydrogen cycle, it can achieve operation without external humidification on the air side, improve system integration and reduce system costs.

Application examples of on-board 402030 battery systems

In 2014, Toyota released the world's first commercial 402030 battery car Mirai, which is also the first 402030 battery car equipped with a self-humidification system.

Toyota Mirai cancels the air side humidifier, and by optimizing the 402030 battery structure and anode operation mode, the water generated by the cathode is transferred to the anode and evenly distributed on the MEA to achieve system self-humidification.

By optimizing the stack structure, including reducing the thickness of the proton exchange membrane, using hydrogen/air countercurrent to increase the transfer of water generated on the cathode side to the anode, and through hydrogen circulation humidification and stack temperature control, good water and heat management of the stack is achieved.

The 402030 battery system carried by Honda Clarity is highly integrated and arranged under the hood. External humidification is adopted. After the air is pressurized by a two-stage air compressor and cooled by intercooler, it is humidified by a humidifier to achieve air supply. The hydrogen system realizes hydrogen supply through two hydrogen bottles of different sizes; the cooling flow channel adopts the "one cooling per two cells" principle to stabilize the operating temperature; the stack structure design and MEA improvement make the stack light and compact; the stack and air, hydrogen, and cooling subsystems work together efficiently under the control of the control system.

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