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　　Lithium-ion battery "Terminator" breaks through again, solid-state batteries seize the commanding heights

　　According to media reports on November 27, researchers at Deakin University in Australia said they have managed to use common industrial polymers to create solid electrolytes, which are expected to double the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. This solid-state Lithium-ion batteries will not explode or catch fire when overheated. The team has already tested it in button batteries, and they will be looking for commercial partners to bring these solid-state batteries to the market.

　　The new technology uses a solid-state polymer material that weakly binds to lithium ions, replacing the volatile liquid solvents typically used as electrolytes in current battery cells.

　　According to the team's Dr. Chen Fangfang in a press release: If the industry adopts our technology, I can foresee a future where, for example, battery-related equipment can be safely packed in airplane luggage, or where electric vehicles are not as harmful as they are now. Lithium-ion batteries pose a fire hazard to occupants or first responders.

　　In recent years, power lithium batteries, as the heart of electric vehicles, have attracted much attention. With the rapid development of battery technology, many of the world's largest car companies are currently investing heavily in the research and development of solid-state batteries. Compared with traditional lithium-ion batteries, solid-state batteries have higher energy density, greater power and longer use time. They are the development trend of the next generation of lithium-ion batteries.

　　With the research announcements of world-renowned companies and research institutions, global solid-state battery demand is expected to be close to 500GWh in 2030. Referring to SNEresearch's power lithium battery shipment forecast, if solid-state batteries can be marketed in 2022 and gradually increase penetration, the market space of solid-state batteries in power lithium batteries will reach about 6 billion yuan by 2025.

　　From Fisker's claim to develop a solid-state battery that can travel 500 kilometers in one minute, to BMW's cooperation with SolidPower to develop solid-state batteries for next-generation electric vehicles, and to Toyota's claim that it will realize the practical use of all-solid-state batteries by 2025. As a representative of the next generation of battery technology, solid-state batteries have increasingly attracted great attention from the market, causing companies around the world to advance their positions.

　　Solid-state batteries are lithium-ion batteries that use solid electrolytes. Important challenges for solid-state devices include reducing costs, improving the safety of solid electrolytes, and maintaining contact between electrodes and electrolytes during charging and discharging.

　　Compared with traditional lithium-ion batteries, the most outstanding advantage of all-solid-state batteries is safety. Solid-state batteries are non-flammable, high-temperature resistant, non-corrosive, and non-volatile. They avoid electrolyte leakage and electrode short circuits in traditional lithium-ion batteries, reduce the temperature sensitivity of the battery pack, and eliminate safety hazards.

　　Compared with traditional lithium-ion batteries, since the solid electrolyte replaces the organic electrolyte that may explode in traditional lithium-ion batteries, it solves the two major problems of high energy density and high safety performance. Using solid electrolyte under the same energy Batteries that replace the electrolyte are thinner and smaller.

　　Many issues are difficult to solve within the parameters of existing lithium-ion battery technology: (1) safety and reliability; (2) energy density; (3) operating ambient temperature; (4) charging speed. As a promising next-generation technology, solid-state batteries are likely to solve these problems, and their performance improvements are also obvious.

　　At present, all-solid-state batteries are still in the early stages of research and development, and the research and development directions mainly include the typical technology development directions of the three solid-state electrolytes of polymers, oxides and sulfides. Each of the three major systems has its own advantages. Polymer electrolytes are organic electrolytes, and oxides and sulfides are inorganic ceramic electrolytes.

　　For all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries, the biggest demand at the current stage comes from the automotive industry. With the rollout of new energy vehicles on the agenda, major car companies have deployed all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries, which are expected to start in 3-5 years. Commercial production of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. In addition, there is also a certain demand for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries in the fields of consumer electronics, smart home, and aerospace specialties.

　　All-solid-state batteries are expected to become the next generation of commercialized power lithium batteries. The next-generation battery research and development directions in the investment project include hydrogen fuel cells, lithium-air batteries and all-solid-state batteries. Among them, all-solid-state batteries are most expected to become the next generation of commercialized power lithium batteries.

　　Currently, global suppliers, material companies, and battery companies are vigorously promoting the research and development of solid-state batteries.

　　Looking at the global solid-state battery companies, there are start-ups and international manufacturers. The companies stand alone on the top of the mountain and believe in different electrolyte systems, and there is no trend of technology flow or integration.

　　European and American companies prefer oxide and polymer systems, while Japanese and Korean companies are more committed to solving the industrialization problems of sulfide systems, represented by giants such as Toyota and Samsung.

　　As the first group in the field of solid-state batteries, Japan has 916 solid-state battery patents, accounting for nearly half, with a clear lead; the United States and my country rank second and third with 398 and 362 patents respectively.

　　In terms of all-solid-state battery patents, Japan has obvious advantages. Toyota has 252 solid-state battery patents, far more than other car companies and battery companies.

　　Toyota Motor launched sulfide solid-state batteries in 2010; in 2014, the energy density of the prototype solid-state battery reached 400Wh/k lithium-ion battery manufacturer g; in 2018, Japan invested 10 billion yen, Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Panasonic, Kyoto University , Japan's RIKEN and others participated in the research, and planned to master all-solid-state battery technology in 2022; in 2019, it entered into a joint venture with Panasonic to supply batteries for more than 5.5 million electric vehicles, with Toyota holding a 51% stake.

　　Among the top 20 patent applicants for solid-state lithium-ion batteries, 11 are Japanese companies. Among them, Toyota has the largest number of applications, reaching 1,709, which is 2.2 times that of the second-ranked Panasonic. The top 10 companies are all Japanese and Korean companies, including 8 Japanese companies and 2 Korean companies.

　　Japan's Toyota Motor, Honda R&D, Nissan Motor and Yamaha Motor even organized the establishment of LIBTEC, planning to jointly develop the basic technology of solid-state batteries. The development goals of LIBTEC solid-state batteries include: volume energy density reaching 600Wh/L, cost reaching 600 yuan/kWh, and fast lithium-ion battery charging time of 10 minutes.

　　An alliance between Toyota Motor and Panasonic (Toyota has nearly 300 engineers involved in the development of solid-state batteries), the alliance said it will commercialize solid-state batteries within five years. The commercialization plan for all-solid-state batteries formulated by Toyota and NEDO will first use existing LIB positive and negative electrode materials to develop all-solid-state batteries (first-generation batteries).

　　Later, new positive and negative electrode materials will be used in order to further increase energy density (next-generation battery cells). Toyota Motor is expected to produce a prototype of a solid-state electric vehicle in 2022, and use solid-state batteries in some models in 2025. Large-scale mass production and application will be achieved in 2030, with energy density reaching 500Wh/kg.

　　With new breakthroughs in solid-state battery technology, the implementation of solid-state batteries will take another step forward.

　　Judging from the experiments and pilot products of various overseas companies, the energy density advantages of solid-state batteries have begun to become prominent, significantly exceeding the current level of lithium batteries.

　　At present, there are domestic listed companies that have deployed solid-state battery-related businesses, and the research and development and industrial application of next-generation battery technology have gradually entered the secondary market. Domestic companies developing solid-state lithium batteries include CATL, Ganfeng Lithium, Jiawei Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Qingtao Energy, Taiwan Huineng, AVIC Lithium Battery, BYD, Wanxiang, WM Motor, etc.

　　In the future, as industry investment gradually increases, the pace of product performance improvement is also expected to accelerate.

　　Looking back at the traditional lithium battery cost curve, the unit cost was close to 3 yuan/Wh in 2014. With the rapid expansion of production capacity, the current cost has dropped to about 1.2 yuan Wh/kg.

　　Solid-state batteries are a disruptive technology. Once the technology breaks through successfully, the industry growth curve is expected to grow exponentially. Industrial mass production will solve the cost problem, and the cost reduction logic of traditional lithium batteries is expected to be replicated.

　　Looking forward to the development trend, the development path of solid-state batteries has become clear. Structurally, the current battery system contains some liquid electrolytes to learn from each other's strengths. In the process of technological development, the use of liquid will gradually be reduced, from semi-solid batteries to quasi-solid batteries, and eventually towards liquid-free all-solid batteries.

　　In terms of application fields, it is expected to take the lead in leveraging its safety and flexibility advantages and apply them to micro-battery fields that are less cost-sensitive, such as RFID, implantable medical equipment, wireless sensors, etc.; after technological advancement, it will gradually penetrate into high-end consumer batteries; As the product matures, it will eventually enter the electric vehicle and energy storage markets on a large scale, penetrating from high-end brands down to achieve a comprehensive explosion of downstream demand.

　　The lithium battery industry chain is an industry that can be seen for at least 10 years, and the development and rise of new technologies will continue to strengthen the valuation and prospects of the industry.

　　With industry optimism and multi-party layout, the solid-state battery industry is expected to develop at a rapid pace. Solid-state batteries carry the glorious mission of comprehensively improving battery safety and energy, and are expected to become a new flashpoint and key technical support for the industry in the future. Policies are gradually fading away, and the market is returning to rationality. When new energy vehicles return to commodity attributes, there will also be technology Convoy from the front.

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