CR2032 button cell

　　Wiring method of power supply system

　　Radial wiring refers to leading dedicated lines from the busbar of the substation to each user to directly supply power to users without connecting other electrical equipment to the lines. The advantage of radial wiring is that the power supply lines are independent of each other and the line operations do not affect each other. When any line fails, it does not affect the normal operation of other lines. It is easy to operate and maintain. The relay protection is simple and easy to realize automation. The disadvantages are that there are many power supply circuits, a large amount of equipment is used, and the investment is large. The radial type can be divided into two forms: single-circuit radial type and double-circuit radial type, as shown in Figure 1. Single-circuit radial wiring has only one power supply and low power supply reliability; double-circuit radial wiring has two power supplies and high power supply reliability. The busbar segment isolation switch QS in the double-circuit radial wiring can also be replaced by a circuit breaker to achieve automatic switching and improve power supply reliability.

　　Trunk-type wiring refers to a power supply trunk line drawn from the busbar of the substation, and the taps along the trunk line generally do not exceed 5 users. The advantages of trunk wiring are that there are fewer power outlet loops, the total length of the power supply line is short, less non-ferrous metals and power distribution equipment are used, and the investment is small. The disadvantage is that the reliability of the power supply is not high, and main line failure or maintenance will cause power outages for all users. The main line type can be divided into two forms: single-circuit main line type and double-circuit main line type, as shown in Figure 2. The dual-circuit main line type has two power supplies as backup for each other, and its reliability is higher than that of the single-circuit main line type.

　　Ring wiring refers to two or more users who are connected to each other and are powered by two power sources, as shown in Figure 3. Ring wiring is actually an improvement of trunk wiring. Two trunk lines are connected to form a ring line. The advantages of ring wiring are less equipment consumption and smaller investment; each power line has different paths, which is less prone to failure, high power supply reliability, and flexible operation. The disadvantage is that after line switching during a fault, the power supply lines of some users become longer and the voltage loss increases; the conductor cross-sections of the two circuits should be considered according to the full load of the ring network during the fault, and the consumption of non-ferrous metals is large.

　　Ring wiring has two modes of operation: open loop operation and closed loop operation. Open-loop operation is to disconnect the communication lines between users in the loop, and each of the two power supplies operates with a part of the load. Closed-loop operation is to connect the communication lines between users in the loop, and each user is powered by the two power supplies. . The relay protection device during closed-loop operation is more complicated, and open-loop operation is generally used. The principle for selecting the open-loop point is: during normal operation, the load capacity of the two main lines should be as close as possible and the cross-sections of the conductors used are the same; or the open-loop point should be set at a more important load and an automatic device should be equipped on the open-loop circuit breaker .

　　According to the requirements for power supply reliability, the wiring methods of the power supply system can also be divided into two categories: wiring without backup system and wiring with backup system. Single-circuit radial type and single-circuit trunk type all belong to wiring without backup system; double-circuit radial type, double-circuit trunk type and ring type all belong to wiring with backup system. The general characteristics of wiring without backup systems are simple wiring, convenient operation, and low reliability of power supply. It is mainly used for power supply of Class III loads and some secondary Class II loads. The general characteristics of wiring with backup systems are that there are many equipments and large investments. , High power supply reliability, mainly used for power supply of Class I loads and important Class II loads.

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