CR2430 battery

Technical bottlenecks are only one of them. The internal and external troubles of ternary CR2430 battery are far more than that.

Working in the media industry, the information I face every day is brand new, but Musk's reply on Twitter two weeks ago is still fresh in my memory. Holding high the banner of "being double-standard", Tesla's cry of injustice is infuriating, but it is not unreasonable. The infuriating thing is that as an entrepreneur, Musk should focus more on the incident itself. And it is not unreasonable to say that the probability of spontaneous combustion of fuel vehicles is indeed much higher than that of pure electric vehicles so far, which is also an ironclad fact.

After more than a hundred years of development, the spontaneous combustion of cars is not a phenomenon that should be rare, but for electric vehicles, people's reactions make it look like an "unknown" field. This "unknown" depends on our lack of knowledge about electric vehicles and our high expectations for electric vehicles. So why not take this as an excuse to take a closer look.

Battery explosion, while holding accountable, we must pay attention to some of the particularities in the 421 incident.

There are many analyses on the causes of battery explosions, but in the process of judging and analyzing the 421 incident, since the vehicle spontaneously combusted while stationary, one point that needs special attention is the aging degree of the vehicle in question, which is also an "unknown" area in the electric vehicle industry. The blue license plate hanging in front of the car means that the car has been used for a long time. Wind and sun, external impact, and wading in water are common experiences during use, which are external problems that the battery pack has to face, but as the saying goes, "It is difficult to prevent thieves at home even if you guard against them day and night." During the years of rapid charging and discharging, the aging from the internal battery cells is also worthy of attention.

Tesla has always been proud of its energy density, which originally came from the NCA nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary lithium battery provided by Panasonic. The high nickel ratio makes its cruising range a benchmark in the industry, but this is also a double-edged sword. High nickel means high energy density, but it also means that the thermal stability of the battery positive electrode material decreases, making thermal runaway more likely. In addition, during the rapid charging and discharging process, the generation of lithium dendrites is a more difficult problem in the aging process of the battery cell.

In principle, during the discharge process, the lithium sheet will dissolve into lithium ions, and during the charging process, the lithium ions will be reduced to metallic lithium. During this reduction process, due to thermodynamic reasons, dendritic lithium will be produced during the reduction process. As the lithium dendrites continue to grow, two situations will eventually occur. One is that the diaphragm will be pierced, causing the battery to short-circuit (one of the important reasons for thermal runaway), and the other is that the lithium dendrites will fall off the lithium sheet, causing the loss of battery capacity. At present, compared with the thermal stability problem caused by the high nickel material ratio, how to suppress lithium dendrites is a more difficult problem for the entire power battery industry.

Improving energy density has become the Achilles heel of electric vehicles. It means endurance and efficiency, but safety is inversely proportional to it.

With the gradual improvement of the national performance assessment standards for electric vehicles, how to improve energy density has become the biggest problem facing the entire industry. In the future, most of the new batch of electric vehicles put on the market will use a new generation of ternary lithium batteries with NCM811 (nickel-cobalt-manganese ratio of 8:1:1). CATL, a domestic power battery giant, has also achieved mass production of this type of battery.

However, the opposite is the test of safety. Although the formula is different from Tesla, the thermal stability problem caused by high nickel cannot be ignored from 333 to 523 to 622 to 811. Judging from the frequent explosions of electric vehicles around the world, it is difficult to ensure foolproof from a long-term perspective by relying solely on the existing thermal management system and PACK design. The more stable lithium iron phosphate battery cannot meet the demand for high energy density in the development of electric vehicles. Therefore, for electric vehicles, the development and evolution of battery cells has become the bottleneck of the entire industry at this moment.

The technical bottleneck is only one of them. The internal and external troubles of ternary CR2430 battery are far more than this.

If the technical bottleneck is still expected to be gradually solved through the self-driving force of the industry, then from the perspective of long-term raw material supply, whether it is NCA represented by Panasonic, or NCM represented by LGGram and CATL, the C between the letters, that is, the rare metal cobalt, is more intriguing. The reserves of metal cobalt in the world are very small and the distribution is extremely uneven. my country's cobalt imports account for 95%. Among all the sources of metal cobalt, the cobalt resources in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Africa are the most abundant. However, the local area has been baptized by war for many years, which obviously casts a shadow on the development of ternary lithium batteries. After all, in the existing formula structure, due to the tight molecular structure of cobalt itself, its stability effect cannot be replaced in the short term.

On the other hand, the competitive pressure from fuel cells is also increasing. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles vigorously developed by Japan and South Korea have already taken root in their respective lands. China's research and development efforts on hydrogen fuel cells are also increasing. At the same time, other types of fuel cells are also waiting for opportunities.

As a weathervane of NEV technology, FomulaE's move to replace battery suppliers this season has attracted the attention of many people. The battery provided by McLaren achieved an energy density almost twice that of the previous Williams battery in the competition, which also made foreign scholars speculate on this. Some people believe that McLaren uses NCM811-based but better-performing batteries, while others boldly believe that McLaren has introduced a more groundbreaking material-aluminum. Although aluminum-air batteries do not have the ability to be recycled, their unit energy density and cost advantages are beyond the reach of ternary lithium batteries. A 100 kg aluminum battery can provide a range of 3,000 kilometers. If aluminum is the unknown metal in the new battery of Formula E, then it may be the biggest gift that this sport brings to the automotive market.

Back to the current situation, from a market perspective, the biggest concern now is whether the explosion incidents of electric vehicles will continue and whether they can be controlled. In addition, with the gradual launch of NCM811 on the market, a new generation of electric vehicles with high energy density will have a new generation of electric vehicles. Whether their safety can stand the test of time is really a problem that all parties need to take seriously. After all, from the surveillance video of the 421 incident, the process from smoke to explosion only takes two seconds. I really can't run away with my short legs...

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