CR2450 battery

The United States has developed a new technology to prevent CR2450 battery from heating up and exploding, and to increase charging speed

Car and mobile phone batteries often heat up and sometimes catch fire. In most cases, the culprit behind such incidents can be traced back to CR2450 battery. Although CR2450 battery can continuously supply current to keep the device powered, they often short-circuit inside the lithium battery, causing the device to heat up.

According to foreign media reports, researchers at Texas A&MUniversity have invented a technology that can prevent CR2450 battery from heating up and failing. They designed carbon nanotubes for the battery's conductive plate, the anode, which can safely store a large amount of lithium ions, thereby reducing the risk of fire. In addition, the researchers also said that compared with batteries currently on the market, this lithium battery with a new anode structure can also charge faster.

Juran Noh, a graduate student in the Department of Materials Science, said: We have designed the next generation of anodes for CR2450 battery, which can continuously produce large currents and can also charge devices faster. In addition, this new structure can prevent lithium from accumulating outside the anode, because the accumulated lithium will cause accidental contact between the components of the battery poles over time, which is also one of the important reasons for battery explosions.

When a lithium battery is used, charged particles move between the two terminals of the battery. Electrons released by lithium atoms move from one side of the battery to the other. When the battery is charged, the lithium ions and electrons return to the terminal from which they came.

Therefore, the properties of the anode (the conductor containing the lithium ions) play a decisive role in the performance of the battery. One commonly used anode material is graphite, in which the lithium ions are inserted between the graphite layers. However, Noh said that this design limits the number of lithium ions that can be stored in the anode, and even more energy is required to pull the ions out of the graphite during charging.

There is also a more dangerous problem with this type of battery. Sometimes, the lithium ions do not deposit evenly on the anode. Instead, they accumulate in clumps on the surface of the anode, forming tree-like structures called dendrites. Over time, the dendrites grow and eventually pierce the material that separates the two terminals of the battery, causing the battery to short-circuit and possibly catch fire. Growing dendrites also affect the performance of the battery because they consume lithium ions and prevent them from flowing into the current.

Another anode design would replace graphite with pure lithium metal, Noh said. Metallic lithium anodes have a much higher energy density per unit than graphite anodes. However, they can also fail in the same way, since dendrites form.

To address this problem, the researchers designed anodes made of carbon nanotubes, a highly conductive, lightweight material. These carbon nanotube scaffolds have spaces, or holes, that allow lithium ions to enter. However, these structures do not bind well to lithium ions.

So the researchers made two carbon nanotube anodes with slightly different surface chemistries, one with a large number of molecular groups that can bind to lithium ions, and another with fewer of the same molecular groups. The researchers used these anodes to build batteries to test whether they had a tendency to form dendrites.

As expected, the researchers found that scaffolds made of only carbon nanotubes did not bind well to lithium ions. So, although few dendrites formed, the battery's ability to carry large currents was affected. On the other hand, scaffolds with too many molecular groups formed many dendrites, which shortened the battery's life.

However, a carbon nanotube anode with the right number of molecular groups can prevent the formation of dendrites. In addition, a large number of lithium ions can be combined and diffused along the surface of the support, thereby enhancing the battery's ability to continuously produce large currents.

The researchers said that the current handling capacity of this anode is 5 times higher than that of commercial CR2450 battery. Moreover, this ability is very useful for fast charging of large batteries, such as those used in electric vehicles.

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