CR2450 battery

Development of CR2450 battery technology that can travel 500 kilometers on a single charge is becoming increasingly active in Japan

According to a report by the Nikkei Shimbun on December 27, development of CR2450 battery technology that can travel 500 kilometers on a single charge, equivalent to the distance from Tokyo to Osaka, is becoming increasingly active in Japan. Sekisui Chemical's technology has already shown signs of a breakthrough, and Asahi Kasei is close. Both can use existing electrodes and are expected to be put into practical use in the first half of the 2020s. The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan will support the development of technology that fully utilizes battery performance. The trend towards pure electric vehicles (EVs) is accelerating worldwide, and if the cruising range, which is a topic, is significantly extended, the era of lithium-ion batteries as the protagonist may continue.

If it can travel 500 kilometers on a full charge, it will match the performance of gasoline vehicles. The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan and others believe that this is one of the conditions for the popularization of pure electric vehicles and have proposed a goal to be achieved by 2030. China, where pure electric vehicles are rapidly becoming popular, has ended subsidies for models with a cruising range of less than 150 kilometers and increased subsidies for models with long cruising ranges.

Lithium-ion batteries were commercialized in 1991 and used in laptop computers and camcorders. In 2009, they were used in mass-produced pure electric vehicles. The driving distance on a full charge is about 200 kilometers. It is generally believed that it would be difficult to reach 500 kilometers with the technology at the beginning of the 2010s, and that they will be replaced by new-generation batteries such as all-solid-state batteries around 2030.

The development of new-generation batteries is becoming increasingly active around the world, but there are many technical issues. On the other hand, the technological development of lithium-ion batteries has made progress, and the breakthrough of 500 kilometers is becoming more and more realistic. Researchers and others predict that "lithium-ion batteries can continue to be used for about 10 years."

Lithium-ion batteries generate electricity and charge by the movement of lithium ions between positive and negative electrodes. To increase the capacity of the battery, it is necessary to increase the ions stored in the electrodes or reduce the internal resistance to make it easier for electrons to pass.

Sekisui Chemical has developed technology for the positive electrode, and has worked on the structure of the added carbon material to make it easier for electrons to flow. The channel for electrons to pass through in the positive electrode is expanded, and the electron flow is smoother, about 10 times that of the past. In addition to the large amount of current generated, the electrode is not easily damaged and the durability is improved.

The positive electrode will be thickened to obtain more lithium ions. In the experiment, the battery capacity increased by about 30%. The cruising range can be increased from the current 400 kilometers to more than 500 kilometers. It is planned to be sold as a component by 2021.

Asahi Kasei increased the capacity by about 20% by mixing silicon oxide into the negative electrode. Adding silicon-based substances to the negative electrode made of carbon materials makes it easier to store lithium ions and increase the capacity. However, there is a problem that some ions cannot be released when they are captured. By pre-injecting ions into the negative electrode, the captured part will not be active, and the acquisition and release of lithium ions will become smooth. Asahi Kasei strives to achieve practical application in a few years.

In addition, research on the use of electrode materials that did not exist before is also being promoted. Professor Naoaki Yabuuchi of Yokohama National University has developed a positive electrode mixed with fluorine in cooperation with Panasonic. Not only metals, but also oxygen can be used for the flow of electrons in the electrode, and the capacity is doubled. Sumitomo Chemical is promoting the development of negative electrodes using aluminum, with the goal of increasing capacity by 2.5 times.

The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan will develop technology that makes it possible to completely use up the power of lithium-ion batteries from 2019. In order to prevent fire accidents, etc., the battery is used at a capacity lower than the upper limit. The development of sensors that can accurately detect the remaining power will be supported to increase the amount that can be used. 250 million yen is included in the 2019 budget, and it is aimed to achieve practical application by 2023.

Japan once swept the world in the field of lithium-ion batteries, but patent applications have decreased since 2011. In China, patent applications from universities and companies have increased, and by 2015, Japan and China each accounted for one-third of the total. In order to increase the driving range, the development of technology to significantly increase the battery capacity is being promoted, and patent applications in China are expected to increase further.

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