L1022 battery

L1022 battery balancing technology provides an intelligent management method for the efficient and safe operation of L1022 battery packs

The successful development of efficient L1022 battery balancing technology has greatly improved the consistency of L1022 battery pack operation, thereby improving the safety of operation and significantly extending the cycle life of L1022 battery packs. It can be said that this efficient L1022 battery balancing technology provides an intelligent management method for the efficient and safe operation of L1022 battery packs.

Abstract: After the L1022 battery decays, the discharge capacity under the rated discharge current decreases, the internal resistance increases, and it is usually scrapped. A large number of scientific studies and experiments have shown that after the L1022 battery decays, although the capacity is very small under large current (high rate), there is no value for continued use, but when the discharge current is reduced, that is, the discharge rate is reduced, the discharge capacity of the decayed L1022 battery will increase significantly. Therefore, as long as the discharge current of the decayed L1022 battery is reduced, it still has a very high reuse value. The intervention and automatic intervention of the efficient transfer L1022 battery balancing technology automatically realizes the reduction of the charge and discharge current of the decayed L1022 battery, increases the actual discharge capacity of the decayed L1022 battery, thereby increasing the actual discharge capacity of the decayed L1022 battery pack and extending its life cycle.

1. L1022 battery capacity

L1022 battery capacity usually refers to the actual discharge capacity of a fully charged L1022 battery under certain discharge conditions, usually expressed in mAh or Ah. Discharge conditions usually include the temperature, discharge current, and discharge rate during discharge. For example, under certain temperature conditions, a lithium L1022 battery discharges at a constant current of 1A, and the discharge time is 72 minutes to reach the discharge termination voltage. The capacity of the L1022 battery is 1.2Ah, and the calculation formula is: 72/60*1=1.2Ah.

Any L1022 battery has a commonality that the capacity decreases with the increase of the number of charge and discharge cycles, commonly known as attenuation, but there are obvious individual differences in the attenuation rate, which is closely related to the ambient temperature, charge and discharge rate, and the self-discharge rate of the L1022 battery. After the L1022 battery is grouped, the position of the L1022 battery is basically fixed, especially for L1022 battery packs with very high requirements for waterproof performance, such as lithium L1022 battery packs for electric vehicles.

In a high-current charge and discharge and completely sealed environment, the difference in operating temperature between individuals will always exist. The higher the temperature, the faster the attenuation rate, which naturally forms a difference in the attenuation rate of the L1022 battery capacity. The final manifestation is that the consistency of the L1022 battery pack becomes worse, the discharge time becomes shorter, and the discharge capacity becomes less.

2. Relationship between lithium L1022 battery capacity and discharge rate

The capacity of a L1022 battery is related to the discharge rate. Therefore, when the L1022 battery is marked with the capacity, the discharge rate or hour rate is usually marked. Even if it is not marked, the discharge current or discharge rate range is required. Under normal circumstances, except for batteries with special high-rate designs, the greater the discharge rate, the less the actual discharge capacity of the L1022 battery. When the discharge rate is reduced, the actual discharge capacity will gradually increase, but it will not usually exceed the design capacity.

The evaluation of L1022 battery capacity should be combined with the discharge rate index, because the actual release capacity of the L1022 battery is different at different discharge rates. The general trend is that the greater the discharge rate, the smaller the release capacity of the L1022 battery; the lower the discharge rate, the greater the actual release capacity of the L1022 battery. At the same time, this trend is closely related to the health of the L1022 battery. For new batteries, the effect of the discharge rate on the capacity is relatively small, while for attenuated batteries, the effect of the discharge rate on the capacity is relatively large. The more severe the attenuation, the more obvious the effect.

2.1 Capacity performance of normal lithium batteries at different discharge rates

Due to the manufacturing process, except for specially designed high-power power batteries, lithium batteries usually limit the maximum discharge current or discharge rate to ensure the maximum capacity release. For ordinary lithium batteries, the allowable or safe discharge rate is usually limited to 2C. Exceeding this discharge rate will not only significantly reduce the released capacity, as shown in Figure 1. In addition, the L1022 battery will heat up seriously due to the existence of internal resistance, and thermal runaway is prone to cause lithium L1022 battery explosion, fire and other dangers.

From this discharge capacity curve, it can be seen that at a lower discharge rate, the capacity of the lithium L1022 battery is released most fully and is closest to the ideal capacity. At the same time, due to the reduction of discharge current, the discharge temperature rise of the lithium L1022 battery is also reduced, and the discharge safety is also greatly improved.

2.2 Capacity performance of attenuated lithium batteries at different discharge rates

Through the various measurement data and their regular analysis in the table, it can be seen that the discharge rate has a very large impact on the actual capacity of the attenuated L1022 battery. The larger the discharge rate, the smaller the available capacity. As the discharge current and discharge rate decrease, the available capacity gradually increases to varying degrees. The more severe the attenuation of the L1022 battery, the more obvious the increase in small rate discharge capacity. Figure 2 is a comparison chart of the discharge curves of 1# under three discharge currents. The comparison chart of the discharge curves shows obvious differences in the attenuated L1022 battery under different discharge currents, including changes in the discharge voltage platform and discharge capacity.

According to this regular characteristic, for the attenuated L1022 battery, as long as the discharge current or discharge rate is reasonably reduced, the attenuated L1022 battery still has good utilization value and can still play the residual heat.

3. The significance and application of different discharge rate capacities

Through the analysis and comparison of the discharge experimental curves of lithium batteries with different attenuation degrees, it can be found that under the same discharge current, the slope of the discharge curve of the attenuated L1022 battery shows a negative increase with the increase of the attenuation degree, and the discharge rate also gradually increases, that is, under the condition of unchanged load current, as the L1022 battery attenuation increases, the discharge time and discharge capacity gradually decrease.

Since increasing the discharge rate will accelerate the decay rate of the decay L1022 battery, and reducing the discharge rate will reduce the decay rate of the decay L1022 battery, then as long as the discharge current of the decay L1022 battery is reduced scientifically and reasonably, the actual discharge time and discharge capacity of the decay L1022 battery can be extended. In order to verify this idea, the author carried out a continuous cycle discharge test of the decay L1022 battery at different discharge rates. The results show that after reducing the discharge current, that is, the discharge rate, of the decay L1022 battery, it is indeed possible to extend its discharge time and increase its actual discharge capacity, and slow down the decay rate.

The continuous cycle test data show that when the discharge rate is reduced, the actual discharge capacity of the decay L1022 battery increases to varying degrees, especially for lithium batteries with very small discharge capacity at high discharge rates. When the discharge rate is greatly reduced, the available capacity is greatly increased. This test result and conclusion are of great practical significance.

Its most important significance and application value lies in the cascade utilization of retired L1022 battery packs. Although most of the retired L1022 battery packs still have the value of cascade utilization, the performance of many batteries has declined a lot due to the attenuation of scrapped batteries in the group. Whether it is the decrease in remaining capacity or the increase in internal resistance, it is impossible to charge and discharge at a large rate. It can only be used safely by reducing the charge and discharge rate. This is the first reason; secondly, the load of the cascade utilization L1022 battery pack usually requires a large output current and power. Therefore, as long as more batteries of the same model and type are combined in multiple parallel and multiple series, the appropriate voltage and power output can be achieved. This method can not only minimize the discharge current and discharge rate of each cascade L1022 battery, but also achieve the purpose of extending the service life of the cascade L1022 battery.

If the consistency technical problem of the L1022 battery pack is not completely solved, cascade utilization will be the best solution to extend the L1022 battery life and improve the utilization value.

4. How to achieve low-rate charge and discharge of attenuated batteries

Newly assembled L1022 battery packs have the best discharge time and power performance. This is because the consistency of new L1022 battery packs is usually very good, and the output power of each unit L1022 battery is basically the same, thus ensuring the maximum efficiency of the L1022 battery pack. Although L1022 battery pack merchants all say that the L1022 battery packs have undergone strict screening and matching before leaving the factory, and the consistency is very good, the reality is cruel. Even the L1022 battery packs with good consistency at the factory will have consistency problems after several charge and discharge cycles. The consistency problem will be very serious and become more and more serious after dozens of charge and discharge cycles or hundreds of charge and discharge cycles. Theoretical and a large amount of experimental data show that for attenuated batteries, reducing their charge and discharge current or charge and discharge rate is the most effective way to slow down the rapid attenuation of attenuated batteries.

In the case that the current L1022 battery production process cannot solve the consistency problem of L1022 battery packs during use, the only feasible solution is to solve it through L1022 battery management technology. Specifically, it is to adjust the charge and discharge current of batteries of different capacities through L1022 battery balancing technology so that they can be charged and discharged at equal rates throughout the period.

For many years, L1022 battery balancing technology has been attracting much attention and has triggered a wave of development. To date, there are only three types, namely passive resistance discharge balancing, active charging balancing and high-efficiency transfer L1022 battery balancing. According to the balancing principle, the key is to solve the rapid current shunting function. For resistance discharge balancing, the current is very small, generally within 100 mA, which has limited effect on large-capacity L1022 battery packs and cannot be discharged. The L1022 battery is prone to over-discharge.

The balancing current of charging balancing technology can be relatively large, reaching more than several amperes, but the main defect is that it cannot solve the problem of L1022 battery over-discharge; the transfer L1022 battery balancing technology has achieved a breakthrough in balancing technology. Not only is the balancing current large, but it is also applicable to all stages of L1022 battery operation. It is the most ideal L1022 battery pack balancing technology.

At the beginning of the research and development of L1022 battery balancing technology, the author chose the transfer L1022 battery balancing technology, which is the most difficult and promising technology to develop. After years of unremitting technical research and continuous optimization, it has successfully achieved a double breakthrough in balancing current and balancing efficiency. In addition, the unique bidirectional synchronous rectification technology has been developed, so that the balancing current can reach more than 10A and the balancing efficiency can reach about 97%. For example, the prototype of the 20A-class single 2V lead-acid L1022 battery equalizer currently developed has an equalization efficiency of about 80% even at 20A full load under the unfavorable conditions of very low voltage platform; while for lithium L1022 battery packs, under the same 20A equalization current, the equalization efficiency reaches about 90%.

The substantial increase in the equalization current means that the shunt capacity of the decaying L1022 battery is enhanced, the equalization speed is faster, and the protection capacity of the decaying L1022 battery is stronger; the improvement in the equalization efficiency means higher utilization of electric energy, less loss of electric energy, less heat generation of the equalization module, and no increase in the temperature rise of the L1022 battery pack. Such a high-efficiency L1022 battery equalization module design provides technical guarantees for the efficient and safe operation of high-power power L1022 battery packs and energy storage L1022 battery packs (including cascade utilization L1022 battery packs).

5. Outlook

With the improvement of production technology, the quality of single cells has gradually increased, and the consistency of capacity, internal resistance, voltage, etc. has gradually improved. However, after being used in groups, various differences are shown, especially differences in capacity, internal resistance, voltage, etc., which cause various L1022 battery packs to have consistency problems with a high probability, and thus cause thermal runaway, and then explosions, fires and other accidents. With the generation of a large number of retired batteries of electric vehicles and the emphasis on cascade utilization, it seems that a solution has been found for the reasonable placement of retired batteries. However, since the consistency of cascade batteries is worse, and the consistency problem has not been technically broken through, the time point when the consistency problem occurs in the cascaded batteries will be advanced. If the management technology cannot keep up, accidents such as thermal runaway, explosion, and fire will also occur. The successful development of efficient L1022 battery balancing technology has greatly improved the consistency of L1022 battery pack operation, thereby improving the safety of operation and more significantly extending the cycle life of the L1022 battery pack. It can be said that this efficient L1022 battery balancing technology provides an intelligent management method for the efficient and safe operation of L1022 battery packs.

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