102450 polymer battery

Research and industrialization progress of 102450 polymer battery

Abstract Compared with traditional liquid lithium batteries, 102450 polymer battery (SSLB) use solid electrolytes instead of organic electrolytes, which greatly improves safety and energy density, and can effectively reduce safety hazards of electric vehicles and alleviate users' range anxiety. Solid electrolytes are one of the core elements of SSLB as electronic insulators and ion conductors. At the same time, they have problems such as low ionic conductivity, large interface impedance and poor interface stability. By studying recent relevant literature, the ionic conductivity mechanism, research progress, important problems and solutions of sulfide solid electrolytes, oxide solid electrolytes, polymer solid electrolytes and composite solid electrolyte lithium batteries are reviewed and discussed. Regarding improving ionic conductivity, the method of adjusting the components of solid electrolytes is introduced in detail. Regarding improving interface problems, the improvement ideas of interface design and manufacturing process methods are introduced. Comprehensive analysis shows that the comprehensive performance of solid electrolytes can be effectively improved by doping and coating modified solid electrolytes, exploring advanced interface research and diagnostic technologies, guiding the design of interfaces with excellent lithium ion transmission capabilities, and innovating and optimizing processes. Finally, the industrialization process of 102450 polymer battery of key domestic and foreign companies is listed, and the future application prospects of 102450 polymer battery are analyzed and prospected.

At present, safety hazards and safety accidents caused by battery thermal runaway are the pain points of the development of new energy vehicles. Lithium deposition, internal short circuit, thermal runaway of single cells and thermal diffusion of battery systems during charging are the root causes of safety problems. There are two problems with the electrolytes currently used in commercial applications: liquid electrolytes are easy to burn and have a tendency to react with positive and negative electrode materials. Active safety control of thermal runaway of liquid power lithium batteries can be achieved in a short period of time through fast charging strategy control, battery system management optimization, thermal management design and thermal management strategy optimization. In the long run, the direction of industry technology development is to replace liquid electrolytes with solid electrolytes, develop 102450 polymer battery with significantly improved energy density and safety, and fundamentally solve battery thermal runaway, solve user pain points and achieve differentiated competitive leadership.

The emergence of solid-state lithium battery technology is very likely to solve the pain points of current liquid lithium batteries. It has a large space in improving battery energy density, widening the operating temperature range, and improving safety: ① 102450 polymer battery use solid electrolytes instead of liquid electrolytes. By using high-capacity (1000mA·h/g) or high-voltage (5V) positive electrode materials and optimal negative electrode materials (lithium metal) SSLB is expected to obtain high energy density (>500W·h/kg,>700W·h/L) and power density (>10kW/kg); ② Solid-state lithium battery electrolytes are different from liquid lithium battery electrolytes and diaphragms, and thermal stability is significantly improved, thereby improving the adaptability of 102450 polymer battery to high-temperature environments, reducing the redundancy of auxiliary heat dissipation mechanisms, simplifying system design, and further improving energy density; ③ The solid electrolyte material used does not leak or burn, and can provide intrinsic safety in the triggering mechanism of thermal runaway, solving the safety problem of lithium batteries. Therefore, 102450 polymer battery will be the best solution to balance specific energy, safety and performance.

1 Research progress of 102450 polymer battery

The structure of 102450 polymer battery (positive electrode, electrolyte and negative electrode) is all composed of solid materials, among which the solid electrolyte conducts lithium ions but is electronically insulated, which greatly simplifies the battery construction process. From the perspective of the reaction process, solid electrolytes are the basis of 102450 polymer battery, so the development of solid electrolyte materials with excellent ionic conductivity is the key to the commercialization of 102450 polymer battery. Polymers, oxides, sulfides and composite solid electrolytes are four important branches, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

1.1 Research progress of sulfide 102450 polymer battery

Sulfide solid electrolytes (such as thiophosphate electrolytes) have high room temperature ionic conductivity (about 10-2S/cm). From the perspective of crystal structure, sulfide solid electrolytes can be divided into crystalline, glassy and glass-ceramic states. In the early 21st century, the research team of Professor Ryoji Kanno of Japan discovered Li4-xGe1-xPxS4 solid electrolyte through experiments. Because it is very similar to oxides in structure, it is named thio-LISICON. It is the first crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte discovered. Crystalline sulfide solid electrolytes also include LGPS type and Argyrodite type. In addition, sulfide solid electrolytes such as layered structures and L-P-S systems are also common. At present, glassy and glass-ceramic electrolytes are mainly produced under Li2S-P2S5 and similar systems. They have good stability, simple process flow, low cost, and broad application prospects. Therefore, they are considered to be one of the very promising candidates for the next generation of new electrochemical energy storage systems. However, the inorganic sulfide electrolytes containing P elements reported so far are unstable under air conditions. This is mainly because the chemical bond energy of P-S is much lower than the corresponding chemical bond energy of P-O. As a result, the P-S structure is prone to oxygenation or desulfurization. Therefore, this type of sulfide electrolyte has interface problems with electrodes, and irreversible chemical reactions with water vapor or oxygen in the air atmosphere at higher temperatures, resulting in structural changes and reduced ion conductivity, which seriously restricts its application in 102450 polymer battery.

Physical contact failure generally occurs at the interface between the electrode material and the sulfide. The main reasons for this problem are the volume expansion of the electrode material and the growth of lithium dendrites during lithium deposition. Janek's research team used β-Li3PS4 as a sulfide-based solid electrolyte and successfully applied high nickel (LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, NCM811) Li[Ni, Co, Mn]O2 material to block solid-state batteries, and demonstrated the important role of the interface between the active material and the solid electrolyte in battery performance. Experimental tests found that the formation of the interface phase mainly occurred in the first cycle. In addition to interface decomposition, the shrinkage of the active material after degradation will also lead to a decrease in the contact between the solid electrolyte and the active material particles, thereby adding interface resistance and capacity loss. In order to solve the interfacial problems found in the above experimental process, Janek's research team applied a certain pressure to the container during the battery cycle in a confined space, so that the internal microstructure of the battery was subjected to a certain pressure, thereby improving the battery material interface problem to a certain extent, as shown in Figure 1(a). In addition to applying a certain pressure during the operation of the solid-state battery, the contact between the phase interfaces is stabilized. The research team also proposed "mechanical" hybrid electrode materials to enhance material mixing and achieve better cycle performance, as shown in Figure 1(b).

Figure 1(a) Constant external pressure is applied during battery cycling; (b) Nanoscale composite positive electrode is prepared by ball milling

Since sulfide and oxygen, water vapor, etc. in the air atmosphere undergo irreversible chemical reactions to produce H2S toxic gas, which in turn leads to structural changes and reduced ion conductivity, its commercial application in solid electrolytes is greatly hindered. In order to explore the failure mechanism of sulfide solid electrolytes, Maramats et al. reported its stability and structural changes in air through experimental research. By testing the amount of H2S in sulfide solid electrolytes with different static structures in the air, it was found that 75Li2S·25P2S5 was the most stable in the air atmosphere. And by observing the changes in the Raman position of sulfide in different states, the changes in its structure were found, and the process of its gradual decomposition of OH and SH groups in the air atmosphere was obtained, resulting in the appearance of H2S gas, which led to changes in the sulfide structure, decreased ion conductivity, and the entire process of sulfide electrolyte failure. In order to solve the problem of unstable chemical properties of sulfides in air atmosphere, researchers have studied the improvement of their stability in air atmosphere by doping with other atoms. Based on the Li7P3S11 material, Yang Wen's research team co-doped Nb and O elements to obtain a new sulfide solid electrolyte Li6.988P2.994Nb0.2S10.934O0.6. Through experimental testing methods, it was found that with the increase of the amount of lithium niobate doping, the H2S gas content of the sulfide in the air atmosphere was significantly reduced, indicating that after doping with Nb and O, its stability was improved, as shown in Figure 2 (a). The first discharge capacity of the all-solid-state battery made with the doped electrolyte and positive electrode material can reach 530.9mA·h/g. After 50 cycles of charge and discharge, the battery still has a capacity retention rate of 98.88%. The test results are shown in Figure 2 (b). Sun Xueliang's research team used the method of partially replacing P with Sb to further improve the stability of LGPS in air. Through experimental research, it was found that when the Sb substitution amount was 7.5%, the ionic conductivity of the Li10Ge(P1-xSbx)2S12 solid electrolyte at room temperature was as high as (17.3±0.9)mS/cm. When the Sb substitution amount was greater than 7.5%, the solid electrolyte was exposed to a dry air atmosphere for 12 hours and no H2S was detected, indicating that its structure did not change in a dry atmosphere. By assembling all-solid-state batteries for testing, it was found that under 0.1C conditions, the first cycle charge and discharge capacities of the battery were 138 and 128mA·h/g, respectively, and the first cycle coulomb efficiency reached 92.8%. After 110 cycles of charge and discharge, the capacity remained at 111mA·h/g. Through experiments, it was found that the substitution of Sb for P not only improved its ionic conductivity, but also significantly improved its air stability.

Figure 2 (a) Comparison of the amount of H2S in the air of sulfide electrolytes under different lithium niobate doping; (b) Cycle test of all-solid-state lithium-sulfur battery based on Li6.988P2.994Nb0.2S10.934O0.6 electrolyte

In order to reduce the serious side reactions between sulfide electrolytes and lithium metal and increase the stability of their interfaces, Yao et al. found through DFT simulation that it is easy to adsorb with epoxy groups on the graphene surface during lithium ion deposition. Through further data analysis, it was found that there was a shift in the lithium negative electrode electron cloud at the Li-GO interface, and a Li-GO structure with a dipole effect appeared. The interfacial energy barrier of this structure can make it more difficult for electrons to migrate from lithium to SSE, thereby improving the interfacial stability of lithium/electrolyte. Park et al. studied the interface failure mechanism between Li6PS5Cl and NCM through in situ Raman spectroscopy, and found that the interface stability can be effectively improved by coating an amorphous Li0.35La0.5Sr0.05TiO3 (LLSTO) thin layer on the surface of NCM. The test of assembled batteries with the prepared materials found that at a 1/3C rate, the first discharge capacity reached 107mA·h/g, and after 850 charge and discharge cycles, its capacity retention rate was as high as 91.5%. Wu et al. controlled the material synthesis conditions in a wide synthesis temperature range (450-500℃) and prepared LSiPSCl crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte with a special core-shell structure. The conductivity of the material was as high as 25mS/cm, and its voltage stability window was widened to about 0.7-3.1V. Through experiments and X-ray energy spectrum, it was found that in the range of 450-500℃, as the sintering temperature increased, the silicon content in the shell gradually decreased, and the upper limit of its electrochemical semi-stable range could reach 5V, making it the LSiPSCl sulfide solid electrolyte material with the highest electrochemical stability.

1.2 Research progress of oxide 102450 polymer battery

Oxide solid electrolytes have a dense morphology, so compared with sulfides, they have higher mechanical strength and excellent stability in air environments. However, it is precisely because of its higher mechanical strength, poor deformation ability and softness, coupled with the difficult-to-improve interface contact problem, that the problem of oxide electrolytes is also more prominent. From a structural perspective, it can be classified into two types: crystalline and glassy. Perovskite, NASICON, antiperovskite and Garnet are all crystalline forms. The ideal perovskite is a face-centered cubic close-packed structure, with lithium lanthanum titanate (Li1/2La1/2Ti3) as a typical representative. It has the advantages of stable structure, simple preparation process, and a wide range of variable composition. However, its chemical stability and ionic conductivity with Li negative electrode materials are poor. The conductivity and other related properties can be improved by introducing large ions into perovskite solid electrolyte materials. LLZO (Li7La3Zr2O12) is a typical antiperovskite material with a conductivity of 5×10-4S/cm at room temperature and is relatively stable. However, lithium-rich LLZO will undergo proton exchange under certain conditions, which will reduce the lithium in the electrode material and cause its performance to decay rapidly. Introducing heteroatoms into it can improve its conductivity and interface performance. The NASICON type molecular formula is M[A2B3O12], in which lithium ions are transferred in the solid electrolyte through substitution between different points. The size of [A2B3O12]- has a great influence on its conductivity, and increasing the skeleton ion interstitial doping is used as an important means. Garnet type materials are cubic crystals, which are stable and have low resistance. Li7La3Zr2O12 has high conductivity, but multiple sintering results in a lot of lithium volatilization. The vacancy concentration and carrier concentration of lithium ions can be optimized through unequal substitution, thereby improving the room temperature ionic conductivity of cubic garnet solid electrolyte materials.

LLZO oxide solid electrolyte has high mechanical strength, but its close contact with electrode materials is poor, which affects its performance in solid-state batteries. In order to solve the above problems, Han et al. [24] innovatively solved the high resistance of the interface between LCO and LLZO by thermal welding. The solid-phase reaction between Li23C0.7B0.3O3 and Li2CO3 at a high temperature of 700℃ was used to obtain an intermediate phase, so that the surface of LLZO and LCO was wrapped by the spontaneously formed intermediate phase, as shown in Figure 3. These materials were tightly combined to obtain a full ceramic cathode electrolyte with low interface resistance, which improved the cycle stability and rate performance of solid-state batteries in cycle tests. The active material was assembled into a battery. Under the conditions of 25℃ and a voltage window of 3.0 to 4.05V, the first discharge capacity was 120mA·h/g at a rate of 0.05C. After 100 charge and discharge cycles, its capacity could still reach 94mA·h/g.

1.3 Research progress of polymer 102450 polymer battery

Polymer solid electrolytes (SPE) are composed of polymer matrix and lithium salt. The SPE matrix includes polyethylene oxide, polysiloxane, and aliphatic polycarbonate. Compared with traditional liquid electrolytes, SPE has higher thermal stability and is easier to achieve large-scale manufacturing than ceramic electrolytes. It has good elasticity and excellent machinability, and is a research hotspot for the next generation of energy storage systems.

Polyethylene oxide (PEO) forms very stable lithium ion groups while dissociating lithium salts, making its lithium ion migration number very low; in contrast, polycarbonate has abundant carbonyl groups that can solvate lithium ions through weaker mutual use, thereby showing higher ionic conductivity and ion migration number. Compared with ethoxy polymers, polycarbonate has a wider electrochemical window and higher thermal deformation stability. Qingdao Institute of Chinese Academy of SciencesFrom the perspective of structure-performance, Cui Guanglei's research group at the Institute of Bioenergy and Process Engineering developed a cellulose-supported rigid-flexible polypropylene carbonate-based (PPC) gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), and applied it to LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li batteries, where the rigid cellulose can serve as a skeleton to enhance the mechanical properties of GPE. As shown in Figure 4, the obtained PPC-GPE has a lithium ion migration number of up to 0.75, a maximum flexural strength of up to 25MPa, and an ionic conductivity of up to 1.14×10-3S/cm at 25°C. The assembled battery discharge voltage platform is as high as 4.7V (vs.Li+/Li). The capacity retention rate can reach 91.3% after 100 cycles at 25°C and 0.5C. In general, polycarbonate-based SPE has higher ionic conductivity, wider electrochemical window, and better thermal stability than PEO. However, it should be pointed out that polycarbonate-based SPEs rarely fully meet the interface compatibility required by 5V spinels. Future research will focus on crosslinking carbonate chains and other polar groups and developing single-ion conductor SPEs.

Figure 4 (a) Stress-strain curves of PP separators, cellulose, PPC and PPC-cellulose composite electrolytes; (b) Cycling performance of LNMO/Li batteries at 0.5C rate

However, studies have shown that the interface instability between polymer solid electrolytes and other battery components hinders their practical application. At present, the basic understanding of polymer/electrode interface and polymer/ceramic electrolyte interface is still limited, and more research is needed on how lithium dendrite growth will alleviate the interface instability on the negative electrode side. To achieve the above research objectives, the application of cryo-electron microscopy has played a good effect in the research process. In addition, theoretical simulation is another effective way to circumvent the challenges in experiments and help better understand the above interface instability. By combining advanced experimental research and model research, new basic understanding of the interface stability of polymer electrolyte-based 102450 polymer battery will be obtained, thereby accelerating their application in the commercial market.

1.4 Research progress of composite solid electrolyte lithium battery

Composite solid electrolytes (CSSEs) are mainly the combination of inorganic solid electrolytes represented by oxides, sulfides, etc. and organic solid electrolytes represented by polymers such as polyethylene oxide, achieving "hard and soft", using the mutual use of Lewis acids and bases, adding chain segment movement ability, and synergistically improving interfacial ion transport.

Organic/inorganic CSSEs, from the perspective of bonding mode, can be roughly divided into three categories as shown in Figure 5 (a) to (c): filling inorganic components into organic solids, organic/inorganic double or multilayer structures, and filling organic components into three-dimensional continuous inorganic structures. Among them, composite solid electrolytes related to open skeleton structure materials such as MOFs, COFs and POCs belong to the first category in terms of bonding mode.

Figure 5 Three typical bonding modes of lithium battery composite solid electrolytes

CSSEs have great development potential, and people have conducted a lot of research on them in recent years. Long et al. prepared intercalated CSSEs with high ion transfer numbers by combining solution casting and hot pressing, using layered lithium montmorillonite (LiMNT), polyvinyl carbonate (PEC), lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), high voltage fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additives and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binder. At 25 °C, the electrolyte has high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window and high ion transfer number. In addition, a three-dimensional lithium anode was obtained by a simple hot melt infusion strategy. The synergistic effect of the high ion transfer number intercalated electrolyte and the 3D lithium anode is more conducive to inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites. Solid-state batteries based on lithium iron phosphate (or NCM523), CSSEs and 3D lithium have excellent cycle and rate performance. Fan et al. [28] synthesized CSSEs with high ceramic content by a solvent-free method, that is, lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide powder was bonded with fiberized PTFE by a simple dry mixing method, and then the electrolyte membrane was formed by extrusion rolling and using nylon mesh as a skeleton. The conductivity of the electrolyte is further improved by infusing the electrolyte and the positive electrode with a molten plastic crystal electrolyte. The formed composite positive electrode reduces the battery interface impedance and realizes its application in lithium iron phosphate and ternary 102450 polymer battery. The development of the above composite solid electrolyte provides a new strategy for the research of high-performance 102450 polymer battery.

Jong et al. prepared a UV-crosslinked composite polymer clay solid electrolyte (U-CPCE) by a one-step in-situ UV curing method. The electrolyte consists of a durable semi-interpenetrating polymer network ion transport matrix (ETPTA/PVDF-HFP) and two-dimensional ultrathin clay nanosheets. The preparation process of U-CPCE is shown in Figure 6. With the help of exfoliated clay nanosheets, U-CPCE exhibits an ionic conductivity of up to 10-3S/cm at room temperature. Therefore, the LiCoO2 half-cell based on U-CPCE exhibits an initial discharge specific capacity of 152mA·h/g at 0.2C, which is comparable to that of traditional liquid electrolyte batteries. This work designed a UV-crosslinked nanocomposite polymer clay solid electrolyte by applying highly exfoliated organophilic MMT to an ion-conductive semi-IPN polymer matrix. The addition of MMT not only changes the local crystallinity of the polymer matrix and adds an amorphous region for ion conduction, but also intervenes in the mutual use of ions-ions and ions-polymers, and adds the number of carriers, so that the battery has good charge and discharge performance. In addition, U-CPCE can not only inhibit the formation of lithium dendrites, but also has high voltage resistance. Therefore, the U-CPCE proposed in this study can be used as a safe and high-performance solid-state lithium battery material, and can also be applied to lithium metal batteries.

Figure 6 Schematic diagram of U-CPCE preparation

In summary, sulfide electrolytes have high conductivity, but poor chemical stability and poor processability. Oxide electrolytes have high conductivity, but there are problems with rigid interface contact and serious side reactions, and they are difficult to process. Polymer electrolytes have good interface compatibility and machinability, but their room temperature ionic conductivity is low, which limits their application temperature range. In response to these problems, composite solid electrolytes are currently the material system with the most development potential. On the one hand, the performance of polymer electrolytes can be improved by introducing inert inorganic nanoparticles into polymer electrolytes; on the other hand, oxide ceramics or sulfides can be compounded with polymers to achieve complementary advantages, so that composite solid electrolytes have higher ionic conductivity and mechanical properties, and also have good compatibility with electrodes. At present, the electrolytes used in commercial solid-liquid hybrid lithium batteries are mostly composite solid electrolytes.

2 Progress in the industrialization of 102450 polymer battery

At present, the new energy vehicle market has higher requirements and expectations for reducing the cost of power lithium battery systems, improving electrical performance and safety and reliability. Power lithium battery and vehicle companies must accelerate technological innovation to create more possibilities. 102450 polymer battery are considered to be the next generation of battery products that are most likely to be industrialized after the current liquid lithium batteries due to their excellent performance in safety, energy density, cycle life, and operating temperature range. The "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)" clearly requires "accelerating the research and development and industrialization of all-solid-state power lithium battery technology." The development goal of solid-state batteries in the Energy-Saving and New Energy Vehicle Technology Roadmap 2.0 for 2035 is to significantly improve energy density and achieve practical and large-scale application. In 2025, the mass energy density of solid-state batteries will be greater than 400W·h/kg, the cycle will be greater than 1000 times, and the safety and cycle performance of R&D products will be close to the application indicators; in 2030, the mass energy density of solid-state batteries will be greater than 500W·h/kg, the cycle will be greater than 1500 times, and industrialization will be mature and applied; in 2035, the mass energy density of solid-state batteries will be greater than 700W·h/kg, the cycle will be greater than 1500 times, and industrialization will be mature and applied. In this context, various battery companies are committed to promoting the research and development and industrialization exploration of 102450 polymer battery, and vehicle manufacturers are simultaneously intensively deploying solid-state lithium battery research. The landing schedule of 102450 polymer battery of representative domestic and foreign companies is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 R&D progress of various companies in the field of 102450 polymer battery

International mainstream car companies such as Toyota, BMW, Honda, Nissan, Hyundai, Volkswagen, and General Motors are accelerating the research and development and industrialization layout of 102450 polymer battery. Toyota will launch solid-state lithium battery technology in 2021, and will also launch a prototype car equipped with 102450 polymer battery. This solid-state lithium battery has an advantage in charging speed, and it only takes 15 minutes to fully charge from zero. Performance experiments will be carried out in 2021 and vehicles will be installed in 2028. In 2020, Volkswagen invested another $200 million in QuantumScape, and stood out in the electric vehicle market by developing 102450 polymer battery with higher energy density, smaller size, low temperature resistance and fast charging. It plans to build a production line for 102450 polymer battery for electric vehicles in 2025. BMW, Ford, Hyundai and other automakers have invested in SolidPower in recent years. In October 2020, SolidPower announced the production and delivery of its first generation of 2A·h all-102450 polymer battery with an energy density of 320W·h/kg. SolidPower has conducted product verification with strategic partners and confirmed the possibility of large-scale mass production. The product is ready to be launched in 2021 and applied in the automotive field in 2026. A new solid-state lithium battery technology announced by Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT) in March 2020 is still in the prototype stage, and it is not clear when this technology will be applied in actual production.

Domestic OEMs are not to be outdone, among which BAIC Blue Valley New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as BAIC Blue Valley) has a better layout in 102450 polymer battery. In July 2020, the first solid-state lithium battery prototype of BAIC Blue Valley, a domestic new energy vehicle company, was successfully launched and publicly available. The launch of the prototype marked a key step in my country's research on solid-state lithium battery vehicle technology. BAIC Blue Valley launched the project in 2017 to start the research on 102450 polymer battery and vehicle-mounted matching technology, and established cooperative relations with many solid-state lithium battery companies at home and abroad to jointly carry out technical exchanges and overcome the difficulties in the development of 102450 polymer battery. After multiple rounds of method iterations and repeated tests, the whole vehicle was finally debugged and launched, achieving a breakthrough from concept to prototype, from laboratory to trial production line, and from bench testing to vehicle installation. At the same time, based on the characteristics of 102450 polymer battery, safety test standards for 102450 polymer battery have been formulated, such as acupuncture, extreme heating, extreme overcharging and extreme short circuit. Recently, BAIC Blue Valley solid-state lithium battery cars have completed 15,000 km of simulated user road tests, covering multiple scenarios of actual user use of the car. In January 2021, BAIC Blue Valley solid-state battery prototypes completed extreme cold environment user extreme working condition verification.

At the level of power lithium battery companies, battery companies such as Samsung SDI, SolidPower, and QuantumScape continue to make new breakthroughs in the field of 102450 polymer battery. Domestic power lithium battery companies such as Qingtao Energy Development Co., Ltd., Beijing Weilan New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Huineng Technology Co., Ltd., and Zhejiang Fengli New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. are accelerating the technical development of 102450 polymer battery and their key materials. Among them, technology-leading companies have completed the construction of solid-state lithium battery production lines, and some have even been trial-produced. Domestic and foreign power lithium battery companies work together to promote the early mass production and application of 102450 polymer battery.

102450 polymer battery have advantages in technology and performance and are very likely to become the mainstream choice of electric vehicle companies after liquid batteries. However, since the conditions for industrialization are still immature, they still face many difficulties. The industry needs to work together to solve them and strive to improve the performance of solid-state power lithium batteries. Through material system optimization and technological innovation and upgrading, we will continue to develop solid-state lithium battery products with higher safety, higher energy density and better low-temperature performance, thereby promoting the industrialization and large-scale application of 102450 polymer battery.

3 Challenges and Prospects

Based on the fact that 102450 polymer battery have become the most promising technical direction in the battery field, in the development of 102450 polymer battery, we should comprehensively consider four factors: stable chemical interface between electrolyte and electrode, effective tools for characterization, sustainable manufacturing process, and recyclable design. At present, representative companies have developed solid-state lithium battery test samples, but solid-state power lithium batteries still have many problems to solve before large-scale application. At the basic research level, there are solid-solid interface compatibility, electrochemical side reactions, stress and deformation problems to be solved. At the engineering level, breakthroughs must be made in both material development and production processes. At the mass production promotion level, there are costs, equipment, consistency, etc. to be laid out in advance. At the vehicle application level, fast charging capability, high and low temperature performance, cycle performance and pulse power all need to be adaptively developed.

Looking forward to the future development trend, from semi-solid lithium batteries to quasi-solid lithium batteries, and finally to all-solid lithium batteries. With the industry's optimism and the joint efforts of all parties, as products and technologies continue to mature, the solid-state lithium battery industry is expected to develop rapidly. The development of solid-state batteries is inseparable from the concerted efforts of the entire industry chain, including scientific research institutions, battery cell companies, car companies, materials and equipment suppliers. It is expected that through the joint efforts of the industry chain, 102450 polymer battery will become the new technology outbreak point and new guarantee of key technologies in the industry.

Citation: Zhang Peng, Lai Xingqiang, Shen Junrong, et al. Research and industrialization progress of 102450 polymer battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(03): 896-904.

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