Currently, global climate change has an important impact on the
international energy situation. Renewable energy has suddenly emerged, and high
efficiency, cleanness, and low carbon have become the mainstream direction of
new energy development in the world. However, the intermittency and
uncontrollability of wind and solar power generation are constraints affecting
the development of renewable energy. my country's wind power still has a
curtailment rate of 15 to 20% this year. In solving the problem of difficulty in
connecting renewable energy to the grid, the energy storage industry has gained
important opportunities for development in the market.
Currently, global climate change has an important impact on the
international energy situation. Renewable energy has suddenly emerged, and high
efficiency, cleanness, and low carbon have become the mainstream direction of
new energy development in the world. However, the intermittency and
uncontrollability of wind and solar power generation are constraints affecting
the development of renewable energy. my country's wind power still has a
curtailment rate of 15 to 20% this year. In solving the problem of difficulty in
connecting renewable energy to the grid, the energy storage industry has gained
important opportunities for development in the market.
For example, California’s AB2514 bill requires the California Public Power
Commission (CPUC) to begin determining grid energy storage goals for
investor-owned (IOU) power companies in 2015 and 2020 starting on March 1, 2012.
The legislation also requires the CPUC to accept the energy storage goals
established by October 1, 2013. State-owned power companies have the same
requirements. Under this bill, a target of 1.3 million kilowatts of energy
storage power stations was established. Now in the media, you can see articles
with headlines such as: "The era of energy storage is coming! Are you ready?"
and "Energy storage: a cutting-edge technology that truly affects the future
energy landscape."
Regardless of the number of projects or installed capacity, the United
States and Japan are still the most important countries for energy storage
demonstration applications, accounting for 40% and 39% of the global installed
capacity respectively. The United States is an early country in the development
of energy storage. It currently has nearly half of the world's demonstration
projects, and there are several energy storage projects that have achieved
commercial application. The United States has many applications in lithium-ion
battery manufacturing and system integration. At the same time, it is equipped
with large-scale government financial support. Japan is at the international
leading level in sodium-sulfur batteries, flow batteries and modified lead-acid
battery energy storage technologies. After the Fukushima accident in 2011, Japan
promoted household energy storage as a focus of industrial support. In April
2012, a subsidy policy for home energy storage systems was introduced. With the
support of this policy, in 2013, more and more energy storage systems received
subsidies and were put on the market.
The European Union Grid Initiative (EEGI) recently released the "European
Energy Storage Innovation Map" report, which conducted a statistical analysis of
energy storage research, development and demonstration projects in 14 European
countries. In the past five years, the total number of public investment and
projects directly funded by the European Commission in these countries reached
391, with a total investment of 986 million euros. Germany has made major moves
to promote the energy storage industry. It plans to invest a total of 50 million
euros in 2013 and 2014 to directly subsidize new users who purchase energy
storage systems. Currently, 30MW projects have received subsidies. Due to the
introduction of this energy storage subsidy plan, Germany's energy storage
installed capacity is expected to reach 2GW˙h in the next five years.
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"The huge solar output shows that Germany will need more solar energy
storage batteries in the future. There are already more than 1.4 million
photovoltaic installations that produce too much electricity, especially during
the midday period when the sun is concentrated." German Trade and Investment
Agency Energy storage expert Tobias Rothacher believes that "Every newly
installed photovoltaic installation in Germany will drive the demand for energy
storage batteries. The price of solar energy storage batteries will drop
significantly in the next few years, which shows that not only the increase in
the number of battery storage batteries is necessary , and its price will become
more attractive.”
According to the forecast of EuPD, a European market research organization,
the number of sales of solar storage battery systems in Germany will increase
from 6,000 in 2013 to more than 100,000 in 2018. The German solar storage
battery market will explode in the next three years. Australia has a developed
mining industry. Many industrial and mining areas have independent power grids
and a large proportion of diesel power generation. Mining areas, public
utilities, household energy storage and distributed energy markets have begun to
be fully deployed, and are expected to reach 3000MW in 2030. Southeast Asian
countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia have become emerging markets for
microgrids. There are many islands in these areas and a large proportion of the
population without electricity. In view of the geographical factors and economic
conditions of the islands, microgrids have become the best solution.
By the end of December 2013, there were nearly 60 energy storage projects
in operation, under construction and planned in my country, with an installed
capacity of more than 80MW, including Zhangbei National Wind and Solar Power
Storage and Transmission Station Demonstration Project, Baoqing Energy Storage
Power Station Demonstration Project, Ningxia Wuzhong Taiyangshan wind and solar
energy storage project, Liaoning Woniushi wind farm all-vanadium flow energy
storage power station project, etc. Among them, distributed power generation and
microgrid energy storage projects account for a large proportion, such as the
Dongfushan Island wind and solar firewood storage project, the Nanji Island
microgrid project, the Tibet Ali photovoltaic energy storage project, and the
Qinghai Yushu distributed photovoltaic and water storage complementary system. ,
Sansha independent photovoltaic smart microgrid project, etc. The implementation
of these demonstration projects is not only encouraged by the Chinese
government's industrial policy, but also mainly by the development of new energy
and the market demand for stable power grids, which drives companies to build
energy storage devices. However, my country currently lacks a systematic policy
system to encourage the development of energy storage. It mainly relies on
spontaneous construction by enterprises, and the price policy is unclear. my
country's energy storage industry faces triple challenges of technology,
application and market mechanisms.
I participated in the board of directors of AES, the largest multinational
power company in the United States, and found that they attach great importance
to the construction of supporting energy storage power plants when building new
power plants. The construction of a 200,000-kilowatt thermal power plant in
Chile requires the construction of a 20,000-kilowatt energy storage power
station, and the investment in energy storage power stations is often high. When
I asked why it was necessary to invest in an energy storage power station, they
answered that Chilean mines need stable power consumption. One of the conditions
for the company's participation in the California gas turbine power station
bidding is to build a supporting energy storage power station of about 100,000
kilowatts. When my country's power companies invest in wind power and solar
power generation, they rarely take the initiative to consider building energy
storage power stations.
At this stage, my country's four important fields related to new energy,
distributed power generation and microgrids, ancillary services, user-side
demand response and electric vehicle grid-connected systems, have begun to
emerge with business opportunities and economics of energy storage. The energy
storage industry is still in the early stages of development in my country. With
the rapid development of renewable energy, the domestic energy storage market
has huge potential. Once it takes off, China will become the world's largest
energy storage market. Although there is no policy system and price mechanism
related to energy storage at this stage, energy storage is an emerging industry
that has received increasing attention and support from government energy
departments and science and technology departments. Financial subsidies for
application demonstrations are also gradually being promoted. .
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As of the end of 2013, the installed capacity of energy storage projects in
operation in China reached 51.5MW, an increase of 39% from 2012. Rapid growth
involves renewable energy grid integration, distributed power generation and
microgrids, electric vehicles and other aspects. Especially in the field of
distributed power generation and microgrids, solving the power problem of people
without electricity, building sustainable energy systems on islands, and
launching distributed photovoltaics have opened up a lot of business
opportunities for energy storage. China's energy storage application market has
huge potential.
By the end of 2013, there were 40 wind power energy storage projects in the
world (including projects in operation, under construction and planning), with
an installed capacity of approximately 241MW, and 3/2 of the projects were
located in European and American countries. Among them, the United States has
the largest proportion of wind farm energy storage installed capacity; the
application of battery energy storage technology in wind farms in Europe is in
its infancy; and China has gradually begun to carry out wind farm energy storage
demonstration projects. Lithium-ion batteries, advanced lead-acid batteries,
flow batteries and sodium-sulfur batteries are the four most commonly used
technologies in wind farm energy storage, accounting for more than 80% of the
total in terms of the number of projects and installed capacity.
Distributed power generation and microgrids have increasingly become one of
the application hot spots in the energy field. According to the national energy
plan, the installed capacity of distributed power generation will reach 210
million kilowatts by 2020, accounting for 11% of the country's total installed
capacity, while energy storage will be Key supporting technology for distributed
power generation microgrid. In distributed power generation and microgrids,
energy storage mainly plays a role in stabilizing system output, serving as a
backup power supply, and improving the dispatch flexibility of distributed power
generation systems. Distributed power generation and microgrid projects are
mainly used in communities, industry, commerce, users, remote areas, special
fields and other fields. Among them, community-based projects have the largest
number, accounting for 50% of all projects, and are mainly distributed in the
United States and Japan. This is followed by island and remote area energy
storage projects, accounting for 12% and 9% of the total number of projects
respectively, mainly in China and the United States.
The United States is the country with the most energy storage frequency
regulation projects. The well-known projects include the Stephentown 20MG energy
storage power station in New York State and the AES New York 8MG energy storage
power station. Chile has also carried out some frequency modulation energy
storage projects, such as the three energy storage projects put into use by AES
in the northern Chilean power grid. China has also begun piloting energy storage
frequency modulation power stations. In September 2013, the battery energy
storage project of Beijing Shijingshan Thermal Power Plant, China’s first
frequency modulated energy storage power station, was officially put into
operation.
North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region are regions where many
energy storage projects are carried out. The United States has nearly half of
the world's demonstration projects. In 2013, it put into operation several
projects with large installed capacity, such as AES's 40MW frequency regulation
project in Dayton and the 10MW wind farm project in Maui, making its global
installed capacity surpass Japan for the first time. , ranking first. In recent
years, Europe has planned to vigorously promote renewable energy power
generation. Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Spain and other countries have
successively launched a number of projects in 2013, involving transmission and
distribution, smart cities, island microgrids and other fields. In particular,
Germany currently has 30MW projects receive subsidies. The installed capacity of
Japan's energy storage projects is second only to the United States, and NGK's
installed capacity alone exceeds 300MW.
China's energy storage projects have developed rapidly in the past two
years, and some energy storage projects have been deployed in the fields of
renewable energy grid connection, distributed power generation and microgrids,
and electric vehicles. From an application point of view, according to installed
capacity, energy storage accounts for the highest proportion in the renewable
energy grid connection field, accounting for 51%. Power transmission and
distribution, distributed generation and microgrids, and ancillary services are
also key areas of application, accounting for 51%. 19%, 8% and 16%. With the
adjustment of China's energy structure, the energy storage technology market has
become a "blue ocean." Wind and solar energy in China are “available everywhere,
but not all the time.” The bottleneck is energy storage, in which energy storage
technology plays a crucial role.
From a technical point of view, as of 2013, sodium-sulfur batteries still
accounted for the highest proportion of installed capacity, accounting for about
45%, followed by lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid batteries, accounting for
32% and 12% respectively. All-vanadium redox flow batteries have also begun to
be used for regulation and storage of wind power and solar power. In 2013, the
cumulative installed capacity of China's energy storage projects increased from
47.7MW in 2012 to 6.4.9MW, with a growth rate of 36%. As more and more
demonstration projects are operated in China, it is expected that China's energy
storage market will reach approximately 136.97GW by 2020 (including pumped hydro
storage, thermal storage and other technologies), accounting for 1,800GW of the
country's total installed power generation capacity in 2020 7.6%.
A few days ago, China Wanxiang Holdings Co., Ltd. announced in Shanghai
that it has established a joint venture with Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. (NEC)
through its wholly-owned subsidiary Puxing Energy Concentration Company. The
electrical system integration department (A123 Energy Solutions) targets the
global energy market. NEC was once a rival of Wanxiang in its acquisition of
A123. When the A123 asset entered the bidding stage, several of Wanxiang's
competitors were Fortune 500 companies, such as Johnson Controls, NEC and
Siemens. Among them, the joint auction body formed by Johnson Controls and NEC
was Wanxiang's biggest competition. opponent. It can be seen that many companies
in the world are optimistic about the market prospects of energy storage
batteries.
The battery business is divided into three parts: power batteries, starting
power supplies and grid energy storage. What Wanxiang wants is the power battery
business, while Wanxiang's original bidding rival Johnson Controls's goal was
starting batteries, and NEC's goal was storage batteries. In recent years, the
electric vehicle business has been booming, and the core technology that needs a
breakthrough is energy storage batteries. Nowadays, there are various types of
power batteries. BYD uses lithium iron phosphate batteries and Tesla uses
nickel-cobalt-aluminum lithium batteries. Alcoa Canada and Israel's Phinergy
recently demonstrated aluminum-air batteries to the public in Montreal, claiming
they can last 3,000 kilometers. However, aluminum-air batteries are still
irreversible at this stage, that is, they are not recyclable and are only
disposable batteries. The aluminum sheet installed as the negative electrode in
the car must be removed after the reaction (turning into aluminum hydroxide) and
replaced with a new aluminum sheet. It is not just as simple as adding water,
but of course there are many problems to be solved before it is practical.
Renewable energy is the direction of energy structure adjustment in the
future, but only when the energy storage problem is solved can we truly enter
the era of renewable energy. What really affects the future energy landscape is
energy storage technology. Energy storage technology is likely to be the most
important breakthrough direction in the next energy revolution. If anyone makes
a major breakthrough in energy storage technology, it will be a huge
contribution to human development. Nowadays, various energy storage battery
technologies are emerging one after another. Former U.S. Secretary of Energy
Nobel Prize winner Steven Chu resigned and returned to Stanford University to
study encrypted lithium batteries. Energy storage batteries such as
sodium-sulfur, iron-chromium, all-vanadium, zinc-air, aluminum-air, etc. are
emerging in endlessly. Tesla electric vehicles claim that their advantage lies
in battery management technology. Energy storage technology is experiencing
explosive growth.
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