1.5v dry cell battery.Research and analysis of high temperature lithium manganese battery cathode materials

　　High-temperature lithium manganese dioxide battery is an important primary power source and is widely used in automotive tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) and medical instruments. Although my country is a major manufacturer of primary batteries, it is blank in the field of high-end high-temperature primary lithium batteries. The lack of cathode materials suitable for high-temperature applications is one of the reasons limiting the development of high-temperature lithium manganese dioxide batteries. Above 100°C, the reaction between manganese dioxide and the electrolyte becomes increasingly intense, causing the electrolyte to decompose and produce a large amount of gas, and an inert oxide layer is formed on the surface of the manganese dioxide, causing the ohmic polarization to increase. All of this leads to lithium dioxide The performance of manganese oxide batteries deteriorates at high temperatures and cannot work.

　　Our company has conducted in-depth research on manganese dioxide cathode materials suitable for high temperature use. We started by controlling the ratio of γ and β crystal forms of manganese dioxide and performing element doping to obtain high-temperature manganese dioxide (G-MnO2).

　　Material performance testing methods:

　　Mix high-temperature manganese dioxide: conductive agent: adhesive in a ratio of 92:4:4, use ethanol as the solvent, and roll the film to make a positive electrode sheet.

　　The obtained positive electrode sheet, lithium sheet, polypropylene separator, and electrolyte were assembled into a CR2032 battery for testing.

　　Battery test results:

　　1. At normal temperature (20±5 ℃), discharge at a staged constant current (8-3-1.5-0.6-0.3 mA/g), the cut-off voltage is 2.0 V, and the specific capacity of the cathode material is 264 mAh/g.

　　2. At low temperature (0±2 ℃), discharge at a staged constant current (16-8-3-1.5-0.6-0.3 mA/g). The discharge curve fluctuates due to temperature changes. The discharge specific capacity of the material is 261 mAh. /g.

　　3. At a high temperature of 125°C, the battery is discharged at a constant current of 16 mA/g with a cut-off voltage of 2.0 V. The battery can discharge normally, the discharge curve is stable, and the specific capacity of the cathode material is 260 mAh/g. Obviously, the material has better high-current discharge capability at high temperatures.

　　4. Leave the battery at 125 ℃ for 120 hours, and then discharge it at a constant current of 16 mA/g. The discharge cut-off voltage is 2.0 V. The specific capacity of the cathode material is 250 mAh/g, which shows that the high-temperature cathode material maintains a relatively high capacity at 125 ℃. Stable and subject to minimal decomposition or deterioration.

　　5. The battery was discharged at a constant current of 16 mA/g at 150°C and tested for 8 hours, exceeding the TPMS system requirement of 7 hours of operation at 150°C. The battery's operating voltage platform is normal and no abnormal platform appears, indicating that no new phase is produced in the cathode material, its properties are stable, and the battery can continue to discharge.

　　The electrical performance and shelf durability of the CR2032 battery made of the high-temperature manganese dioxide material developed by our company were tested at normal temperature, low temperature and high temperature (125 ℃, 150 ℃). The specific capacity of this material reached 260 mAh. /g or above, the discharge curve is stable, and the manganese dioxide material remains relatively stable at high temperatures. This material is fully suitable for working at high temperatures and can be used as a positive electrode material for TPMS batteries.

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