Can gasoline and diesel be used, natural gas can be used, and hydrogen can
be used? In the eyes of the public, hydrogen is very dangerous as a vehicle
fuel. The state also classifies hydrogen as a hazardous chemical for management.
There are safety hazards in every link of hydrogen storage, hydrogenation, and
hydrogen use. Another little-known fact is that many key components of hydrogen
fuel cells and hydrogen storage and filling equipment need to be imported. The
price of domestic products of the same level is relatively high, which to a
certain extent also restricts the popularity of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. and
promotion. However, there is now a black technology called "low-pressure
hydrogen storage technology" that may speed up the arrival of hydrogen fuel cell
vehicles to us.
Different from the hype of Nanyang's "water hydrogen engine", this
demonstration of low-pressure hydrogen storage technology brought out the key
components of the entire system, each test data and technical ideas for open
exchange and discussion. Major partners, including relevant national departments
and local government leaders, all came forward to communicate directly. People
in Xingcheng City may be the first to ride on low-pressure hydrogen storage fuel
cell buses.
Save 2/3 of construction costs for hydrogenation stations
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have obvious advantages over pure electric
vehicles in terms of driving range, charging time, and low-temperature
performance. China has vigorously promoted the development of the hydrogen fuel
cell industry, but there are not many hydrogen fuel cell vehicles actually
operating on the road. One of the difficulties lies in the safety of
high-pressure hydrogen storage technology.
At present, domestic hydrogen fuel cell vehicles use 35 MPa gaseous
compressed hydrogen. In the future, it will be in line with the 70 MPa pressure
being promoted in Europe and the United States. This means that after the tanker
transports the hydrogen with a pressure of 20 MPa to the hydrogenation station,
it needs to be refueled. The supercharging equipment in the station must be
multi-stage pressurized before it can be added to the 35MPa pressure hydrogen
storage bottle of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.
During this process, the hydrogen gas, which has been under high pressure,
is prone to leakage, and any sparks may cause an explosion. The vehicle-mounted
low-pressure hydrogen storage tank we introduced today has a hydrogen storage
pressure of only 5 MPa, which is safer and can replace the huge high-pressure
cylindrical hydrogen storage bottle placed on the roof of the hydrogen fuel cell
car. At the same time, it eliminates the need for hydrogen refueling stations.
The investment in hydrogen pressurization, high-pressure filling, and
high-pressure storage equipment has also reduced reliance on the import of key
components for pressurization and filling equipment.
In terms of hydrogen refueling station investment costs, low-pressure
hydrogen refueling stations have very obvious advantages. At present, the
investment in building a high-pressure hydrogenation station with a daily supply
capacity of 500kg of hydrogen reaches 12-15 million yuan (excluding land costs),
covering an area of about 3,000 square meters. If a full set of imported
equipment is used, the price will be higher, and only 100,000 square meters of
hydrogen per day can be produced. Meet the hydrogen demand for 30-40 hydrogen
fuel cell buses. The low-pressure hydrogenation station requires an investment
of less than 4 million yuan and covers an area of only 300-500 square
meters.
"Charging" for 20 minutes and driving range of 300 kilometers
The high-pressure hydrogen storage bottles of other hydrogen fuel cell
vehicles are no longer on the display bus we are riding, and have been replaced
by smaller low-pressure hydrogen storage tanks. The appearance of the vehicle is
the same as that of an ordinary bus, and the driving experience is the same as
that of an ordinary pure electric bus.
However, low-pressure hydrogen storage technology is not without
disadvantages.
Different from the storage form of hydrogen compressed into high-pressure
gas or even liquid state, low-pressure hydrogen storage stores hydrogen in heavy
metal tanks through the adsorption of metal powder (specific alloy components).
To store the same mass of hydrogen, although the volume of the low-pressure
hydrogen storage tank is only one-third of the high-pressure hydrogen storage
bottle, its weight increases a lot.
In terms of gas consumption, vehicles using low-pressure hydrogen storage
technology are about 0.3kg/100km higher than high-pressure versions. The actual
gas consumption is 4.0-4.3kg/100km, which is within the acceptable economic
operation range; hydrogenation It takes about 20 minutes to lift 15kg, which can
meet the vehicle's operating mileage requirements of more than 300km. Due to the
large system mass, low-pressure hydrogen storage technology is not suitable for
promotion in the field of passenger cars in the short term. Trucks, buses, and
construction machinery have better application scenarios.
In addition, although the low-pressure hydrogen storage alloy materials
that are about to be put on the market have gone through many considerations of
cost and cycle life requirements, they do have the disadvantage of low
gravimetric hydrogen storage density (≤2wt%), and the hydrogen absorption and
release process is accompanied by certain problems. Due to thermal effects and
changes in platform pressure, through further optimization of new materials, the
weight hydrogen storage density of next-generation products will be
improved.
Relatively speaking, the price of low-pressure hydrogen storage tanks is
still high. It is about 200,000 yuan more expensive than high-pressure hydrogen
storage bottles for the same hydrogen storage capacity. If it can be developed
on a large scale in the future, the cost may drop significantly. It is worth
noting that from the extraction of metal components required for low-pressure
hydrogen storage technology to the production of hydrogen storage tanks, the
entire process can be localized, and alloy materials can also be recycled and
reused.
Industrialization is the ultimate goal
"What we are facing is how to industrialize hydrogen energy utilization and
development better and faster, otherwise it will be meaningless to develop
hydrogen energy." Guo Konghui, an academician of the Chinese Academy of
Engineering, said his evaluation is closer to the market.
Technological innovation is always endless, but industrialization is
subject to various conditions. Low-pressure hydrogen storage technology is still
some way away from its true market promotion, and it requires correct guidance
and support from the national and local governments. According to Wang Liwei,
Mayor of Huludao Municipal People's Government, hydrogen energy is a very
cutting-edge topic, and this industry is still in its infancy. The purpose of
introducing innovative technologies is to seek practicality, application, and
industrialization.
During this event, Liaoning Jiahua New Energy signed a strategic
cooperation framework agreement for hydrogenation station construction and a
strategic cooperation framework agreement for high-purity hydrogen supply with
Huludao Xinao Gas and Hangjin Technology respectively; Jiahua Lidao and Shenzhen
Xin The Energy Vehicle Application and Promotion Center signed a cooperation
agreement on the application and promotion framework of low-pressure alloy
hydrogen storage hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; the Xingcheng City People's
Government and Lvhang Interstellar signed a strategic cooperation agreement on
hydrogen energy research and development.
The signing of these agreements marks the determination of local
governments and enterprises to comprehensively develop hydrogen energy
applications, and also increases the probability of success in the industrial
development of low-pressure hydrogen storage technology.
The purpose of developing the hydrogen energy industry is to improve the
environment in which we live, reduce pollution emissions, and reduce my
country's dependence on petrochemical energy. However, to achieve this goal, the
use of hydrogen must be scaled up. In the automotive industry, whether it is
gaseous high-pressure hydrogen storage technology or the low-pressure hydrogen
storage technology officially unveiled this time, safety must be given top
priority.
From the perspective of circular economy, no matter what hydrogen storage
method or stack product is used, materials will be recycled and reused. We
should make these preparations before hydrogen energy develops on a large scale
in the automotive industry. The hydrogen energy society seems far away, but it
may be tomorrow!
.
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