Application of 18650 li ion batteryenergy storage technology in wind
power
1 Introduction
The power system is a dynamic balance system, and power generation,
transmission, transformation and distribution must always be balanced. Wind
energy is an intermittent energy source, and there are certain errors in wind
speed prediction. Therefore, wind farms cannot provide continuous and stable
power, and power generation stability and continuity are poor. In traditional
power systems, any dynamic unbalanced power caused by small disturbances will
lead to oscillations between units. The combination of large-capacity energy
storage systems and wind turbines can effectively suppress or alleviate the
volatility of wind power and reduce the impact of wind power on the power grid.
. As long as the capacity of the energy storage device is large enough and the
response speed is fast enough, the system power can be completely balanced under
any circumstances. This is an idea of actively stabilizing the power system [1].
Since this stability control device related to energy storage technology does
not have to interact with the excitation system of the generator, it can be
conveniently used in the most effective part of the system to suppress
oscillations. At the same time, because the control amount generated by this
stable control device can directly act on the source of system oscillation, the
unbalanced power can be accurately compensated, and the impact of changes in the
system's operating status on the control effect of the control device can be
less or even ignored. Therefore, it is very easy to adjust the parameters of the
device, and the robustness to changes in the system operating status is also
very good.
2 Current development status of battery energy storage technology at home
and abroad
In recent years, developed countries such as Japan, the United States, and
Europe have invested heavily in battery energy storage technology and are
leading the way. Japan is at the forefront of the world in the research and
application of sodium-sulfur batteries. NGKINSULATORS has received an order for
a 300MW NAS battery system and central monitoring system from the Abu Dhabi
Water and Electricity Authority in the United Arab Emirates. In 2009, Panasonic
and Panasonic Electric worked with the Danish power company SEAS-NVE to launch
an empirical experiment aimed at realizing smart grids. In 2010, Toshiba
announced that it had received an order from Okinawa Electric Power for
equipment related to the "Offshore Island Microgrid System Demonstration Test"
to be started in Miyakojima in the fall of 2010. It will build a next-generation
power system that uses batteries to balance renewable energy loads with drastic
power fluctuations. . Sanyo Electric has also introduced 1.5MW·h lithium-ion
batteries into its "Western Canada Green Energy Park", and other manufacturers
are also actively participating in battery energy storage projects. In Europe
and the United States, in 2001, Canadian company VRBpowerSystems built a 250kW
all-vanadium redox flow energy storage battery demonstration system in South
Africa, realizing the commercial operation of all-vanadium redox flow energy
storage batteries. The all-vanadium redox flow energy storage battery built by
VRBpowerSystems for Australia's Hydro Tasmania on King Island Company to support
wind power generation was completed in November 2003. The system has an energy
storage capacity of 800kW·h and an output power of 250kW. In February 2004,
VRBpowerSystems built an all-vanadium redox flow energy storage battery system
with an output power of 250kW and an energy storage capacity of 2MW·h for Castle
Valley, UtahpacificCorp. At the end of 2006, the company began to build for
Ireland the world's largest all-vanadium redox flow energy storage battery
system with a rated output power of 2MW (pulse output power of 3MW) and an
energy storage capacity of 12MW·h. The United States has used the technology of
Japan's Sumitomo Electric Industries and VRBpowerSystems to establish 2MW and
6MW all-vanadium redox flow energy storage battery demonstration operation
systems respectively.
The British company Innogy started building the first commercial-scale
power generation and energy storage peaking demonstration power plant in August
2000. It is matched with a 680MW gas turbine power plant. The energy storage
system has an energy storage capacity of 120MW·h, which can satisfy 10,000
households. A household’s electricity needs throughout the day.
German EVONIK Industrial AG announced that it will join forces with Daimler
Automobile Company and other research and development institutions to jointly
develop large-capacity, low-cost storage lithium-ion battery power stations
suitable for wind and solar power generation. It plans to build a power station
in the Saarland in western Germany with a power of 1MW energy storage device. In
terms of large-scale battery energy storage device technology, our country
started late, and there is still a large gap with foreign developed countries.
The main manifestations are: first, the equipment capacity is still small;
second, the equipment has a short life and low utilization efficiency; third,
The reason is that the intelligence level of the equipment is weak. In terms of
energy storage applications, my country is also far behind the advanced level
abroad. Dozens of energy storage power stations have been put into operation
abroad, but there is no demonstration project of 18650 li ion batteryenergy
storage devices in operation in China.
At present, the application scale of battery energy storage in my country
is still small, but with the adjustment of national energy policies and the
gradual implementation of energy conservation and environmental protection
policies, its application scale is expected to gradually expand. Shanghai
Electric Power Company has built three energy storage demonstration power
stations including Caoxi Station, Qianwei Station, and Baiyin Station. The power
dispatch center can directly implement unified dispatching and remote monitoring
of energy storage stations distributed throughout the power grid through the
power grid energy storage management system. BYD has established a 1MW (4MW·h)
energy storage power station in Longgang, Shenzhen.
Xinyuan Holdings Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of State Grid, and Zhangbei
County, Zhangjiakou City, have developed and constructed the country's first
comprehensive demonstration project of wind, solar and energy storage. The total
scale of the project is 500MW of wind power, 100MW of photovoltaics, and 70MW of
energy storage. The Zhangbei wind and solar storage project is the world's
largest wind, solar and storage trinity demonstration project, but it has not
yet been put into operation. The first phase of project design has been
completed and the first phase of construction is underway.
3 Rapidly developing wind power requires energy storage technology
As a clean and renewable energy, wind energy has attracted more and more
attention from countries around the world. China's wind energy reserves are
large and widely distributed. The wind energy reserves on land alone are about
253 million kW. In recent years, China's grid-connected wind power has developed
rapidly. By the end of 2007, the country's cumulative installed capacity was
approximately 6 million kW. In December 2008, China's total installed wind power
capacity exceeded 10 million kW, ranking fifth in the world. As of mid-March
2011, my country's cumulative installed wind power capacity reached 44.5 million
kW, ranking first in the world in scale of wind power construction. This also
means that China has entered the ranks of major renewable energy countries. The
development prospects of China's wind power and other new energy power
generation industries are very broad. It is expected to maintain rapid
development for a long time to come. At the same time, profitability will also
steadily increase as the technology gradually matures.
While the scale of wind power under construction in my country ranks first
in the world, the problem of wind power grid connection has always restricted
the healthy development of wind power in my country. Data shows that my
country's wind power installed capacity has been connected to the grid for a
total of 31.07 million kW, but nearly 30% of wind power is still not connected
to the grid. This is due to the random and intermittent characteristics of wind
energy, which causes the output of wind turbines to fluctuate frequently, thus
affecting the output reliability of wind farms. Even worse, an excessive
proportion of wind power will increase the pressure on frequency regulation and
peak regulation on the power grid, and the technical requirements and operating
costs of long-distance power transmission will increase sharply. Therefore, the
large-scale grid connection of wind farms also brings some new problems to the
operation of the power system:
1) The randomness and uncontrollability of wind power bring new challenges
to power system planning and stable operation;
2) The fluctuation characteristics of wind power power are difficult to be
consistent with the fluctuation characteristics of the grid load, which makes
the peak regulation problem of the power grid more prominent and puts forward
higher requirements for peak regulation capacity and response speed;
3) Due to changes in wind speed, wind turbines can easily cause grid
voltage and power fluctuations, as well as reactive voltage control and power
quality problems caused by them.
The contradiction between the intermittency and volatility of wind power
and the need for real-time balance of the power system makes the fluctuation of
grid-connected wind power need to be balanced through the regulation of
conventional power sources and energy storage systems, which has become a major
problem that has long plagued wind power grid connection. Due to geographical
limitations, water storage energy storage power stations are not universally
available. Therefore, the introduction of universally applicable 18650 li ion
batteryenergy storage devices and wind farms are needed to compensate for the
various impacts of wind power fluctuations on the power grid. is a suitable
technology choice [8]. Through the coordination of the energy storage system and
the wind power system, it not only effectively reduces the impact and impact of
wind power on the system, improves the consistency of wind power output and
prediction, and ensures the reliability of power supply, but also reduces the
reserve capacity of the power system and improves power The economy of system
operation is improved, while the ability of the power system to accept wind
power is improved.
4 Domestic and foreign requirements for wind power grid integration
More and more large and medium-sized wind farms have been built and put
into operation. As the proportion of wind power gradually increases, the power
fluctuations of wind farms will affect the power quality of the local power
grid, causing voltage fluctuations and flickers. It will have a significant
impact on the local power grid, and in severe cases, it will cause serious
accidents [9, 10]. The technical regulations for grid connection of wind farms
in various countries have put forward requirements for the change of active
power of wind farms, such as:
1) Eltra and Eltra & Elkraft require that the lmin output power change
of the grid-connected wind farm is less than or equal to 5% of the maximum power
of the wind farm. The wind farm can ensure that the power change rate of the
wind farm is reduced to less than 20% of the rated power within 2 seconds
through the control system. Eltra & Elkraf requires that the power change
rate of the wind farm per minute is adjustable within 10% to 100%;
2) E.ON and ESBNG require the wind farm output power to be less than its
registered capacity at any time. E.ON requires that the power reduction per
minute should account for at least 10% of the rated capacity. ESBNG requires
that the 15-minute power change is related to the scale of the wind farm. The
power change per minute of a wind farm less than 100MW is less than 5%. The
power per minute of a wind farm less than 200MW The change is less than 4% of
the rated capacity, and the power change per minute of a wind farm larger than
200MW is less than 2% of the rated capacity;
3) Scotland’s grid connection technical regulations require that the output
power of wind farms can exceed the rated power within a reasonable period of
time;
4) The State Grid Corporation of China stipulates the power change rate of
wind farms in 1 minute and 10 minutes. The change rate is related to the
installed capacity of the wind farm. For example, the maximum change amount in
10 minutes for a wind farm less than 30MW is 20MW, and the maximum change amount
in 1 minute is 6MW;
5) Scottish requires that the start and stop of wind farms must meet the
requirements of voltage quality. Scottish also requires that the start and stop
of wind farms meet the requirements of maximum power change, and no more than
25% of the rated capacity can be tripped and phased out within 30 minutes. .
5 The stabilizing effect of 18650 li ion batteryenergy storage technology
on wind power
Obviously, the most important means of regulating active power is energy
storage. High-power and large-capacity energy storage systems can smooth the
volatility and intermittency of wind power. When the capacity of the energy
storage system reaches a certain scale, combining the energy storage system with
wind turbines can effectively suppress or alleviate the volatility of wind power
and reduce the impact of wind power on the power grid [11, 12]. 18650 li ion
batteryenergy storage technology can achieve the following functions in wind
power grid connection:
1) Smooth unit output: Combining the battery energy storage system with
wind turbines to smooth the wind farm output under rapid wind speed
disturbances, reduce the impact of wind farm output fluctuations on the power
grid, and reduce the impact of wind power fluctuations on the power grid.
2) Improve the consistency between wind power output and prediction: use
energy storage as a cooperation to adjust the output, optimize the output
according to the predicted output curve of the wind farm, and improve the
credibility of wind power output.
3) Improve dispatching capabilities: The use of energy storage systems can
control the active power and reactive power output by wind power generation for
power peak regulation, allowing the wind power generation unit to operate as a
dispatching unit, and has the ability to provide frequency control and rapid
operation to the power system. Ability to provide ancillary services such as
power response.
4) Peak shifting: The use of high-power and large-capacity energy storage
systems can collect unstable wind power and release it smoothly at the
appropriate time, shifting the peak value and reducing the impact on the power
grid;
5) Ensure continuous and reliable power supply of the wind power generation
system: When environmental factors or external conditions change rapidly and the
wind power generation system cannot output electric energy stably, the energy
stored in the energy storage system can produce a certain amount of energy and
power support to ensure the power supply. The load is powered continuously and
stably.
6) System operation reliability and redundancy are greatly improved: the
parallel group control operation of multiple grid-connected inverters with
smaller capacity allows the system to start different numbers of grid-connected
inverters according to the characteristics of various new energy power
generation The controller is controlled, so that the power generation efficiency
of the system can be optimized, and the reliability and redundancy of the system
will be greatly improved.
7) Make wind power generation dispatchable: Pure new energy power
generation systems are greatly affected by environmental factors, so specific
power generation plans cannot be formulated. If an energy storage device is
configured, the required electric energy can be provided at a specific time,
regardless of the power generated by the power generation unit at this time. The
new energy power generation system can be connected to the power grid to feed
power to the power grid and provide peak shaving. , emergency power support and
other services. Just follow the pre-made power generation plan to generate
electricity. The larger the capacity of the energy storage device, the freer the
system scheduling, and the more economic benefits can be obtained, but the
greater the investment required. The key is to find the best economic balance
point.
6 Conclusion
This article reviews the development status of energy storage technology at
home and abroad, analyzes the problems faced by China's wind power in the rapid
development, and proposes the application prospects of 18650 li ion
batteryenergy storage technology in wind power systems. Domestic and foreign
research results show that 18650 li ion batteryenergy storage technology
provides energy storage functions with a wide time range, which provides new
ideas and effective solutions to solve the problem of wind power grid
integration, improve the stability of the power system, and improve the quality
of power supply. Technical Support. Therefore, countries around the world,
especially developed countries, are actively conducting research in this area.
We should make full use of my country's abundant wind resources and the good
opportunities of power system reform. Actively carry out research in this field
to provide new technical support for the safe and efficient operation of my
country's power system. 18650 li ion batteryenergy storage technology plays an
increasingly important role in clean energy power generation. The market
potential is huge and it has increasingly important economic and social
value.
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