Application of biomass direct combustion power generation technology in my
country
1 Introduction
Our country is a large agricultural country with very rich biomass
resources. Various crops produce more than 600 million tons of straw every year,
of which about 400 million tons can be used as energy. The total forest biomass
in the country is about 19 billion tons, and the available amount is 900 million
tons. t, the total amount that can be used as energy is about 300 million tons.
If used effectively, the development potential will be huge. However, these
precious biomass resources are not well utilized at present. A large amount of
straw is discarded or burned on-site every year, which not only wastes precious
energy resources, but also pollutes the environment and interferes with road
traffic and aircraft takeoffs and landings. , which has had a negative impact on
people's production and life. Based on my country's natural conditions, it
illustrates the prospects and benefits of the domestic application of biomass
direct combustion power generation technology with the development of the
national economy and the improvement of people's living standards.
2Current situation and development trends
At present, the research and development of biomass energy technology has
become one of the world's major hot topics, attracting the attention of
governments and scientists around the world. Many countries have formulated
corresponding development and research plans, such as Japan's Sunshine Plan,
India's Green Energy Project, the United States' Energy Farm and Brazil's
Alcohol Energy Plan, among which the development and utilization of biomass
energy accounts for a considerable proportion. Moreover, most foreign biomass
energy technologies and devices have reached the level of commercial application
and have achieved large-scale industrial operations. Taking the United States,
Sweden and Denmark as examples, the conversion of biomass into high-grade energy
has reached considerable scale, respectively. Accounting for 4%, 16% and 24% of
the country's primary energy consumption.
In the United States, the total installed capacity of biomass power
generation has exceeded 10,000MW, with a single unit capacity of 10-25MW; the
Staten Waste Treatment Station in New York, USA, has invested US$20 million to
process garbage by wet methods, recover biogas for power generation, and
simultaneously produce fertilizer. Brazil is the most distinctive country in the
development and application of ethanol fuel. It has implemented the world's
largest ethanol development plan. Currently, ethanol fuel accounts for more than
50% of the country's automotive fuel consumption. The United States has
developed technology to produce alcohol from cellulose waste and established a
1MW rice husk power generation demonstration project with an annual output of
2,500t of alcohol.
Other countries, such as Austria, the Netherlands, Germany, France, Canada,
and Finland, have been conducting their own research and development for many
years, and have formed unique biomass energy research and development systems
with their own technical advantages. After the world's first oil crisis broke
out in the 1970s, Denmark, which has always relied on imported energy,
vigorously promoted energy-saving measures while actively developing clean
renewable energy such as biomass energy. Now, renewable energy such as straw
power generation has accounted for Denmark's energy More than 24% of
consumption. Danish BWE Company is one of the world-renowned power plant
equipment R&D and manufacturing companies. It has long been a global leader
in the field of thermal power and bio-power plant boilers. The straw
bio-combustion power generation technology pioneered by the Danish company BWE
remains the world's top holder in this field. In my country, biomass direct
combustion power generation is still in its infancy.
3 The significance of the application of biomass direct combustion power
generation technology
a. At present, most crop straws are burned on the farmland because they
cannot be effectively used. This not only wastes a lot of energy, but also
causes serious environmental pollution and brings a certain degree of negative
impact on social life and economic development. Influence.
b. In many grain, wood, tea, fruit and other processing plants, a large
amount of waste products such as chaff, sawdust, wood chips, and fruit shells
are piled up every day. Biomass direct combustion power generation technology is
used to convert them into high-grade products. Electric energy, thus turning
waste into treasure, can be described as killing two birds with one stone.
c. my country's remote areas are rich in biomass resources, and most of
them are in areas where there is little or no electricity. Biomass direct-fired
power generation technology can be used to obtain local materials to produce
electricity and heat to meet local heating and electricity needs.
d. The reason why biomass power generation technology has broad market
prospects is that in renewable energy, biomass can exist in physical form, and
has the characteristics of being storable, transportable, widely distributed,
with low environmental impact, and can be continuously utilized, etc. Features,
favored by countries around the world. Biomass energy is currently the most
widely used renewable energy. Its total consumption ranks fourth after coal,
oil, and natural gas, and it occupies an important position in the future
sustainable energy system.
The development and utilization of renewable energy, especially biomass
direct combustion power generation, is in line with the scientific outlook on
development and the requirements for achieving sustainable development. The
government provides strong legal and policy support for the development and
utilization of renewable energy. In February 2005, the National People's
Congress passed the "Renewable Energy Law of the People's Republic of China" and
it was officially implemented in January 2006. Now, the country has regarded the
development and utilization of biomass energy as one of the important policies
and measures to develop modern agriculture, build a new socialist countryside,
and build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. In the 11th
Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, my country clearly
proposed the development goal of building a biomass power generation installed
capacity of 5.5 million kW. In the "Medium and Long-term Development Plan for
Renewable Energy", it is further proposed that the installed capacity of biomass
power generation will reach 30 million kW by 2020, and the utilization of
biomass energy will account for 4% of primary energy consumption.
4 process flow
Biomass fuel is directly burned in the biomass power station boiler through
the feeding system, converting the biomass energy into thermal energy and
generating mechanical energy through the work of the steam turbine, which drives
the generator to generate electrical energy. The entire system mainly consists
of a steam turbine generator, a biomass direct-fired boiler, a feeding system, a
loading system, a dust removal and a slag removal device, etc. Biomass
direct-fired power generation is very similar to coal-fired power generation.
Both are processes in which fuel is burned in a boiler to produce steam, a steam
turbine converts the thermal energy of the steam into mechanical energy, and a
generator converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. However, due to
the different characteristics of the fuel, there are also differences between
the two power generation methods. The main reason is that biomass fuel has the
characteristics of high chlorine, high alkali, high volatile content, and low
ash melting point. When burned, it is easy to corrode the boiler and produce
slagging, coking, etc. , Therefore, there are special technical requirements for
the design of biomass direct-fired boilers. The biomass direct combustion power
generation process is mature, the entire biomass power generation system can
operate stably and continuously, and can process a variety of waste biomass with
high efficiency and large scale. The raw materials are easy to collect on site
and the operation and maintenance costs are relatively low. Therefore, It is
very suitable for large-scale promotion in our country.
In my country, although the amount of biomass raw materials is huge, the
sources are relatively scattered, which is quite different from the Western
farm-based farming model. In order to suit our country's national conditions, a
scientific and reasonable collection system needs to be established. The raw
material of biomass fuel is mainly agricultural and forestry waste, which has
strong seasonality and difficult collection and transportation problems.
Agricultural production is distributed over vast farmland. After harvesting
crops, straw is widely distributed in rural areas. The straw is large and
inconvenient to transport. Most of the forestry waste such as tree branches is
distributed in mountainous areas, where transportation is inconvenient and the
collection workload is heavy. Therefore, how to establish a scientific and
stable collection, storage, and transportation system is the material basis for
ensuring the steady development and safe supply of biomass direct-fired power
plants. The technology application route is shown in Figure 1
5Benefit analysis
5.1 Economic benefits
Taking a 12MW unit as an example, the project investment is about 160
million yuan, and the annual power generation of the unit is 85 million kW·h,
calculated based on the on-grid electricity price of 0.585 yuan/kW·h (biomass
power generation is 0.25 yuan/kW·h higher than the electricity price of
desulfurization units) ), sales revenue can reach 50 million yuan and profit of
3.5 million yuan. Using after-tax profits and depreciation to repay the loan of
12 million yuan every year, the investment can be recovered in 14 years.
5.2 Social benefits
a. It can effectively improve the rural economic structure and increase
farmers' income.
The construction of biomass power plants turns biomass resources into
treasure. According to estimates, after the 1×12MW power generation project is
completed and put into operation, the annual cost of acquiring biomass resources
will be approximately 30 million yuan.
, can provide more than 80 jobs, and can also provide a certain number of
temporary employment opportunities, increasing the income of local farmers,
bringing new vitality to the rural economy, and improving the rural economic
structure to a certain extent.
b. It can fundamentally solve the problem of direct burning of straw in the
field, reduce air pollution, and reduce the impact of smoke on traffic and the
environment.
c. It can effectively prevent straw from being piled anywhere, promote
rural civilization construction, and reduce fire hazards.
d. The products after the biomass fuel is burned are collected and utilized
in the form of fly ash and ash residue. This ash is rich in nutrients such as
potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and calcium and can be used as an efficient
agricultural fertilizer.
e. Biomass direct combustion power generation plays an important role in
reducing greenhouse gas emissions and slowing down climate warming. It is an
important measure for our country to respond to climate change, safeguard the
national environment and development interests, and establish the image of a
responsible major country.
6Conclusion
Under the guidance of my country's policies on renewable energy, biomass
direct-fired power generation technology will definitely be actively promoted,
and the biomass power generation industry will also flourish and grow. In order
to realize the industrial feedback to agriculture, solve the problems of rural
areas and farmers, and build We will build a new socialist countryside and make
greater contributions to the construction of ecological civilization.
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