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BMS is an electric vehicle battery management system and is an important link between the vehicle power battery and electric vehicles. The BMS collects, processes, and stores important information during the operation of the battery pack in real time, exchanges information with external devices such as vehicle controllers, and solves key issues such as safety, availability, ease of use, and service life in the lithium battery system. The main function is to improve the utilization rate of the battery, prevent the battery from overcharging and over-discharging, extend the service life of the battery, and monitor the status of the battery. In layman's terms, it is a system for managing, controlling, and using battery packs.
Source of this article: Panda Hardware WeChat public account ID: xiongmaoyingjian
1. What is BMS?
Lithium-ion batteries have limited range of use;
For lithium-ion batteries, their ideal operating range is very limited and not wide. Therefore, lithium-ion batteries must be managed during application, especially in power battery application scenarios.
2. Security issues
Distortion
Swelling
Flaming on fire
Explosion
Overvoltage (overcharge), overcurrent and overtemperature will bring a series of safety hazards to lithium-ion batteries.
3.Performance management
The external characteristics of lithium batteries are closely related to their own status (SOC/SOH/temperature) and ambient temperature.
4.Lifespan
Temperature factor environmental factor
Voltage factor (SOC & ΔSOC) Voltage factor (SOC window)
Current factor Current factor
High SOC and high temperature environments will aggravate the irreversible capacity loss of the battery.
5. Consistency
Capacity
Impedance
Self-disge rate Self-disge rate
It is almost impossible to require all the cells in the battery pack to be completely consistent. This means that there will be inconsistent working conditions (internal resistance/heat generation/SOC range) and different aging rates between the cells. Therefore, it is necessary to Balanced management.
What are the main tasks of BMS?
BMS main tasks:
Battery status monitoring
Battery status analysis
Battery safety protection
Energy control management
Battery information management
…
BMS needs to avoid over-range abuse of power batteries and ensure safe, reliable, efficient and long-life operation of power batteries.
1. Introduction to BMS system
1.1 BMS system architecture
A typical BMS system architecture
BMS system architecture
Master-slave BMS topology
Local ECU layer
Management of 6-12 cells in a module
Communication via CAN or daisy-chain
Voltage monitor for every cell
Multi-points temperature monitor
Passive balance or active balancing
Function realization by MCU or ASIC
Is daisy chain communication used?
Advantages
No isolator for each LECU
Easy harness for system
Low cost
Disadvantages
EMI/EMC problem for vertical bus
Limited range
Break on daisy-chain cause the interruption of whole communication
Cost comparison of two options
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