502030 polymer battery.Fast versus slow charging for electric vehicles: Why hasn’t fast charging replaced slow charging yet?

　　The charging current and power of slow charging are relatively small, which is better for battery life, and the charging cost is low during low peak power consumption. Fast charging will use larger current and power, which will have a great impact on the battery pack and also have an impact on its lifespan. Fast charging also requires supporting equipment, such as converting AC to DC, which increases the cost.

　　At present, most vehicles use lithium batteries. At lower temperatures, the performance of lithium batteries will decrease to varying degrees, which is manifested as smaller charging currents and discharge currents, and reduced battery capacity. In extreme cold conditions, it may even fail to charge. Driving a vehicle in winter will use warm air, which increases the vehicle's power consumption and reduces the vehicle's driving range.

　　When using an electric vehicle in winter, it is normal for the charging time to become longer and the vehicle's driving range to become shorter. During use, the vehicle should be charged immediately after it is stopped. Using the residual temperature of the battery can make charging faster; when planning a trip, full consideration should be given to the reduced driving range of the vehicle in winter.

　　The charging speed of electric vehicles is closely related to the charger power, battery charging characteristics and temperature. Under the current level of battery technology, even fast charging takes 30 minutes to charge to 80% of the battery capacity. After 80% is exceeded, the charging current must be smaller to protect the safety of the battery, and it will take a longer time to charge to 100%. In addition, when the temperature is lower in winter, the battery requires less charging current and the charging time becomes longer.

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