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Online double conversion UPS power supply working mode and technical status. As we all know, the function of online double-conversion UPS power supply is to ensure uninterrupted power supply to the load, improve the quality of the power supply, completely isolate various interferences from the mains power supply and the load, and ensure that stable and reliable AC can be supplied to the load under any circumstances. power supply. Different UPS products and UPS power supply systems are used in different applications.
What double conversion UPS power supply?
The double-conversion UPS power supply circuit structure without bypass is composed of a rectifier/charger, an inverter, a battery charger (optional), a battery switch, etc. The structural components of the power supply circuit of the double conversion UPS with bypass are basically the same as those of the double conversion UPS without bypass, but a UPS switch module is added for the UPS to convert from normal mode to energy storage mode or vice versa.
Online double conversion UPS power supply requires two power conversions. That is, the mains AC input power is first converted into DC power by the rectifier, and then converted into AC power by the inverter. At the same time, a rectifier/charger or a separate battery charger charges the battery. The input power AC input of the rectifier and the input power AC input of the charger can also use the same power supply.
In normal mode, an online double conversion UPS power supply supplies power to the load from a rectifier/inverter combination.
When the index of the mains AC input power exceeds the predetermined tolerance limit, the UPS switches to the energy storage mode, that is, the battery/inverter combination supplies power to the load. The power supply time interval is the energy storage time of the battery, or supplies power to the mains input power. Restore to the design tolerance of the UPS and then switch to normal mode.
When the rectifier/inverter fails, or when the UPS is instantaneously or continuously overloaded, the UPS will switch to bypass mode, that is, the load will be temporarily powered by the bypass power supply. To ensure uninterrupted conversion, the inverter output and AC input 3 must be synchronized. Additionally, if the input and output voltages are different, a transformer must be installed in the bypass circuit.
The inverter of a double-conversion UPS must be synchronized with the bypass power supply to ensure uninterrupted load conversion. There is also usually a "maintenance bypass" dedicated to maintenance.
Introduction to the working mode of online double conversion UPS power supply
(1)Normal way
The AC input power is transformed twice by rectification (AC/DC) and inverter (DC/AC) through the rectifier/charger-inverter combination circuit. The load is powered by the inverter. Since all the power required by the load After two conversions, this UPS is called a double conversion UPS power supply.
(2) Energy storage method
When the AC input power voltage exceeds the predetermined tolerance or fails, the battery is discharged to supply DC power to the inverter, allowing the inverter to continue running and continuously supply AC power to the load.
When the AC input power returns to normal, the UPS power supply returns to normal working mode. If the AC input power supply is outage for a long time, the UPS will continue to operate in the energy storage mode until the battery's energy storage is used up. In order to protect the AC input power supply from long-term power outages, a backup diesel generator set should generally be configured.
(3)Bypass mode
Double-conversion UPS power supplies generally have static bypass switches, which can automatically and temporarily transfer the load from the inverter to the bypass power supply under the following circumstances.
(4) The battery is discharged to the end voltage
In order to ensure uninterrupted load conversion between the inverter and the bypass power supply, the UPS inverter must be synchronized with the bypass power supply in order to adopt a first-on-then-off conversion method, that is, the inverter and the bypass power supply have Connect in parallel for a brief period, then disconnect one of the power supplies. There is also a circuit called maintenance bypass. When the UPS needs maintenance, the load can be manually switched to the bypass power supply in a first-on-then-off manner through the maintenance bypass.
Current status of online double conversion UPS power supply technology
Major UPS manufacturers in the world are focusing on developing a new generation of UPS with superior performance. For example, the iTrust series of large-capacity UPS recently launched by Liebert Company fully considers the needs of existing customers. It adopts high-frequency rectification technology for the input and has an input power factor of up to 0.99 or above, input harmonic current <3%. In addition, both the rectifier and inverter adopt fully digital control schemes, which adapt to the development requirements of modern communication technology. The output still uses a traditional output isolation transformer, which enhances the anti-interference ability of the system. At the same time, it greatly reduces the probability of damage to the user load caused by the output DC voltage caused by control failure, effectively improving the reliability of the system.
In addition, low-cost and high-performance high-frequency machines will also become the mainstream models in the market over time. This type of UPS eliminates the need for an output isolation transformer based on the above-mentioned future mainstream models, greatly saving costs, which is about 60% of the above-mentioned models, making it highly competitive in the market. The disadvantage is that the current technology is not mature enough and has low reliability. However, as the technical level improves, the reliability will be greatly enhanced. It is believed that this type of model will become the new mainstream model of UPS in the near future.
In terms of heat dissipation technology, most UPS power supplies currently use radiators for air-cooling, which are expensive and noisy. Especially for high-power UPS (capacity above 60kVA), the noise problem is particularly prominent. In order to make breakthroughs in heat dissipation issues, major UPS manufacturers have invested a lot of financial resources and manpower in research.
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