AG10 battery.Cadmium determination technology

　　Cadmium is highly toxic and can accumulate in the liver, kidneys, bones and other tissues of the human body, causing damage to various internal organs and tissues, especially the kidneys. It can also lead to osteoporosis and softening. Such as the Toyama incident in Japan (bone pain incident).

　　The vast majority of fresh water contains less than 1ug/L cadmium, and the average concentration of cadmium in seawater is 0.15μg/L. The main sources of cadmium pollution are wastewater discharged from electroplating, mining, dye, battery and chemical industries.

　　Methods for measuring cadmium include:

　　1. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAs) can measure elements such as Cu, pb, Zn, Cd, etc. It has fast determination, low interference, and wide application range. It can measure multiple elements separately in the same sample. Methods such as direct inhalation, extraction or ion exchange enrichment followed by inhalation or graphite furnace atomization can be used for measurement.

　　(1) Principle

　　The solution containing the element to be measured is sprayed into a fine mist through the atomization system, enters the flame with the carrier gas, and dissociates into ground state atoms in the flame. When the hollow cathode lamp radiates the characteristic wavelength light of the element to be measured and passes through the flame, it is absorbed by it. Absorption, under certain conditions, the change in characteristic wavelength light intensity has a quantitative relationship with the concentration of the ground state atoms of the element to be measured in the flame, and thus has a quantitative relationship with the concentration C of the element to be measured in the sample. That is: A=K×C

　　(2) Method application

　　1) Standard curve method: Prepare a series of standard solutions in the same matrix containing different concentrations of the elements to be measured, measure their absorbance respectively, and draw a standard curve. Under the same operating conditions, measure the absorbance of the sample solution, and check the concentration from the standard curve. .

　　2) Standard addition method: Take several (not less than 4) sample solutions with the same volume, and add different equal amounts of standard solutions of the elements to be measured (such as 10, 20, 40 μg) starting from the second part, and then use Dilute to the same volume with distilled water and shake well. Under the same experimental conditions, the absorbance of each solution was measured sequentially as Ax, A1, A2, and A3. Taking the absorbance A as the ordinate and the amount of the standard solution added (concentration, volume, absolute content) as the abscissa, draw an A-C curve (but the origin). The epitaxial curve intersects with the abscissa at a point Cx, and the distance between this point and the origin is, It is the content of the element to be measured in the tested sample solution.

　　Choice of specific AAS methods:

　　① When the content in clean water samples and wastewater samples is relatively high, it can be measured by direct inhalation flame atomic absorption method;

　　② Trace amounts of Cd (Cu, pb) can be measured by flame atomic absorption method after extraction or ion exchange treatment;

　　③ Trace amounts of Cd (Cu, pb) can be measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption method.

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