"It is expected that the number of fuel cell vehicles in my country will
reach 1 million by 2030." Recently, Ouyang Minggao, a member of the Standing
Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political
Consultative Conference and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
said in an interview with the media during the "Two Sessions" that the biggest
difficulty with fuel cell vehicles now is For vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage,
the cost and technology have not yet reached the ideal state. To solve this
problem, we must rely on technological innovation and develop a new generation
of technology.
Technology is the key! Previously, Chen Quanshi, director of the Automotive
Research Institute of Tsinghua University, also expressed a similar view, "At
this stage, China should not focus on how many cars it makes, but on
technological progress." He believes that China's fuel cell development depends
on the government and Enterprises should join forces with universities and other
research institutions to solve basic problems such as membranes, catalysts, and
bipolar plates.
Fuel cell technology issues are increasingly becoming the focus of
attention. Wang Fengying, deputy to the National People's Congress and vice
chairman and president of Great Wall Motors, also paid attention to hydrogen
fuel cells in the "Two Sessions" motions. She suggested that the country
formulate relevant policies to focus on the key core technologies of hydrogen
fuel cells for vehicles, as well as hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and
hydrogenation. R&D of core technologies.
Technology is making breakthroughs frequently, but cost is still a
constraint
Since the beginning of this year, my country's fuel cells have continued to
make major breakthroughs in key technologies, and good news has spread
frequently. Recently, the "High Environmental Tolerance Fuel Cell System Product
Development" project undertaken by Yihuatong passed the acceptance of the
Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission. The expert group believes
that this marks a further breakthrough in key technologies of China's fuel cell
industry. Some investors revealed that Yihuatong is expected to be listed on the
Science and Technology Innovation Board.
Not long ago, the University of Science and Technology of China developed a
new type of catalyst that overcame key problems in the promotion and application
of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, relieved the carbon monoxide "poisoning shock"
crisis of hydrogen fuel cells, extended battery life, and broadened the battery
operating temperature environment. In the cold winter It can also start
normally. This research makes it possible for hydrogen energy vehicles to be
promoted for civilian use, and the international academic journal "Nature"
published the results.
These technological breakthroughs are indeed gratifying, but the
development of the hydrogen fuel cell industry still faces many obstacles. Xu
Haidong, assistant secretary-general of the China Association of Automobile
Manufacturers, said that hydrogen fuel cells currently have many breakthrough
innovations and patents, have less air pollution, and the technology is
gradually maturing, but the high cost has restricted its development. He
believes that “once the cost issue is effectively resolved, hydrogen fuel cell
technology will become an important support for the development of the new
energy vehicle industry in the future.”
It is understood that the fuel cell stack accounts for the highest
proportion of fuel cell costs. "To realize the commercialization of hydrogen
fuel cells, it is imperative to reduce the cost of the three key components of
the hydrogen fuel cell: platinum catalyst, electrolyte membrane and bipolar
plate." Wang Shumao, Secretary General of the Hydrogen Energy Committee of the
China Renewable Energy Society Talked about.
Low localization is also an important reason for high costs. At present,
the domestic fuel cell industry mainly relies on high state subsidies to
survive. 70% of fuel cell components need to be imported, and most of the
technology is mastered abroad. Therefore, one of the keys to developing the
hydrogen energy industry is the localization of components.
Only through the localization of key materials can costs be significantly
reduced and full commercialization of fuel cells possible. If the fuel cell
industry is divided into upstream and downstream according to raw materials,
parts, stacks, engines, and complete vehicles, Chinese companies must go
upstream and conquer key technologies in order to have the right to speak.
Commercial vehicles have greater potential
Judging from the development situation, fuel cells started ten years later
than pure electric lithium batteries. Generally speaking, hydrogen fuel cell
vehicles and pure electric vehicles using lithium batteries are important
technical routes for new energy vehicles. From the perspective of technical
characteristics and development trends, pure electric vehicles are more suitable
for urban, short-distance, passenger car and other fields. , and hydrogen fuel
cell vehicles may be more suitable for long-distance, large-scale, commercial
vehicles and other fields.
According to data from the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers,
the total sales of fuel cell vehicles in my country in 2018 reached 1,527 units,
all of which were commercial vehicles, while the total sales of new energy
vehicles reached 1.256 million units, with fuel cell vehicles accounting for
only 0.12%. In 2018, my country's commercial vehicle sales reached 4.371 million
units, and the penetration rate of fuel cell commercial vehicles was only 0.03%.
So, even if fuel cells only replace traditional commercial vehicles in China,
the space is still considerable.
Regarding the application of fuel cells, Ouyang Minggao believes that "the
development of hydrogen fuel cells and the development of hydrogen fuel vehicles
cannot be equated. Hydrogen fuel cells cover a large area. In the automotive
industry, they are mainly used in commercial vehicles. In addition to
automobiles, In addition, hydrogen fuel cells have many uses, including
airplanes, trains, ships, power generation, energy storage, etc.”
Companies have laid out plans
According to industry estimates, the output value of my country's hydrogen
fuel cell vehicle industry is expected to exceed one trillion yuan by 2030.
Moreover, hydrogen fuel cells have many advantages such as high energy density,
cleanliness and no pollution, and domestic companies are very enthusiastic about
investing in them. After years of development, in the core field of fuel cell
stacks and systems, many powerful companies such as Yihuatong, Xinyuan Power,
Guangdong Guohong, Edelman, and Shanghai Reshape have emerged in China.
In terms of complete vehicles, Great Wall Motors plans to display its first
fuel cell model based on a dedicated platform in 2020, launch its first fuel
cell fleet in 2022, and officially launch a mature hydrogen fuel cell model in
2025. In addition, Yutong, Foton, SAIC, King Long, Dongfeng and other car
companies are actively involved in hydrogen fuel cells.
Even lithium battery-related companies hope to show their talents in the
field of fuel cells. It is understood that Chaowei Group has cooperated with
Great Wall Motors' subsidiary Shangfan Power to develop a fuel cell vehicle
project. Chaowei Group will use fuel cell logistics vehicles as an opportunity
to gradually build high-standard, high-quality, multi-series fuel cell vehicles
and explore the construction of fuel cell vehicles. Hydrogen refueling stations
and fuel cell vehicle demonstration operations provide technical support to
promote the development of my country's fuel cell vehicle industry.
Currently, the layout of enterprises in each link of the hydrogen fuel cell
upstream and downstream industry chain is constantly optimized. As the scale
effect of fuel cells increases, core technology breaks through bottlenecks, and
downstream hydrogenation links tend to improve, the cost of fuel cells is
expected to further decline in the future, the cost performance will continue to
become more prominent, and the development of the hydrogen fuel cell industry
will also enter the fast lane.
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