1. The quality of charger products can be measured from three aspects:
working performance, safety requirements and electromagnetic compatibility.
1. Working performance. Different types of batteries have different
charging requirements. Chargers mainly have charging method, charging current,
charging voltage and other parameter requirements.
(1) Charging method: It stipulates whether the charger charges the battery
in a constant current mode or a constant voltage mode. For the currently
commonly used lithium-ion batteries, the charging method of the charger should
adopt the current-limiting and constant-voltage method, that is, it first
charges with current-limiting to the battery's limited charging voltage and then
automatically switches to constant-voltage charging.
(2) Charging current: Specifies the maximum output current of the charger.
The size of the charging current should match the capacity of the applicable
battery, and generally should not be greater than 1C5A.
(3) Charging voltage: specifies the maximum output voltage of the charger.
The charging voltage depends on the charging limit voltage of the battery; when
charging a lithium-ion battery with a nominal voltage of 3.6V, the maximum
voltage output by the charger is generally 4.2V (in fact, lithium-ion batteries
used in mobile phones are equipped with protection device, so the output voltage
of the charger can also be slightly higher than 4.2V, but to ensure safety, the
voltage must not be higher than 4.5V).
2. Safety requirements. Generally speaking, it requires that the circuit
structure, mechanical structure and electrical performance of the product should
meet certain safety requirements, regardless of whether the product is in normal
working condition or abnormal (such as output overload or short circuit,
internal component failure or circuit failure, etc.) state, should not endanger
the safety of people and property. In order to achieve this goal, the safety
requirements of charger products (such as anti-shock protection performance,
insulation performance, temperature, etc.) should comply with the requirements
stipulated in the national mandatory standard GB4943-2001.
3. Electromagnetic compatibility. For charger products, the electromagnetic
compatibility requirements are mainly reflected in electromagnetic disturbance.
Electromagnetic disturbance is divided into conductive disturbance and radiation
disturbance. Due to the many advantages of switching power supplies, chargers
generally use switching power supply circuits. However, the high-frequency
turning on and off of the switching devices in the switching power supply will
generate high-frequency harmonic signals. These high-frequency signals propagate
through the power grid through the power terminals or radiate through space,
which will bring electromagnetic pollution to the environment, disturb the
normal operation of surrounding electronic equipment, and may even have serious
adverse effects on the safe operation of the power grid and human health.
Therefore, in order to reduce the electromagnetic pollution of the environment,
it is required that the disturbance voltage and radiation disturbance field
strength of the power terminal (or interface terminal) of electronic products
should be less than a certain limit when the electronic product is working. For
mobile phone battery chargers, the harassment voltage and harassment field
strength should meet the requirements of the Class B limit in the national
mandatory standard GB9254-1998.
2. As a consumer, when choosing a charger product with good quality and
suitable for use, the following points are for reference:
1. When purchasing a charger, you should read the product instruction
manual or product marking instructions in detail. Generally speaking, only
chargers with product certification marks are safe. Therefore, you should try to
purchase products with product certification marks.
2. Mobile phone chargers generally have two charging methods, one is to
charge with the phone (the charger cooperates with the mobile phone to charge
the battery through an electrical connector); the other is to charge the battery
through the charging stand. Before purchasing, you should know the type,
capacity, and nominal voltage of the battery you are using so that you can
choose a suitable charger.
3. Currently, most of the batteries used in mobile phones are lithium-ion
batteries with only one single cell, a nominal voltage of 3.6V, and a rated
capacity of 500mAh to 1000mAh. Lithium-ion batteries have very high requirements
for charging current and charging voltage. Excessive charging current or
charging voltage will cause great changes in the chemical reaction inside the
battery, causing the internal temperature to rise, causing damage to the
electrodes and diaphragm materials or expansion of the battery. explode.
Although, generally mobile phone batteries are equipped with protectors with
overcharge, over-discharge, and over-current protection functions. However, for
safety and to achieve better charging effect, you should choose a charger with a
maximum output voltage of 4.2V~4.5V and a maximum output current of 600mA~700mA.
Standard charger products should indicate their range of use, output voltage,
output current and other technical parameters. If possible, you can use the
appropriate measurement range of a multimeter to measure the charger's output
no-load voltage and output short-circuit current when purchasing to determine
whether the actual data are consistent with the marked technical parameters.
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