How long can lithium batteries use? The life of the lithium battery depends
on the quality of the battery cell. Its life span is mainly affected by factors
such as working temperature, charging and discharge, charging times, and cycle
times. The smaller the charging and discharge rate, the less the number of
charging times, and the more cycle times, the battery life will grow. In
addition, the battery cells also have different levels. For example, some
battery cells use lithium nickel cobaltate as the positive electrode material,
while others use lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode material, which
will also affect the battery life.
At present, the batteries sold in the market are limited. For example, our
common lead-acid batteries can generally only be used for 6-8 years;
nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries are generally used for about 2
years. If they are used with new energy vehicles, their life span can reach 8-10
years. The life of the lithium battery is mainly determined by the battery cell.
Among them, lithium -ion battery life is a relatively important factor that
directly affects the overall life of lithium batteries. The screening and
inspection work before the battery is very important.
1. Charging and discharge efficiency
The charging and discharge efficiency refers to the current consumption
rate of the battery at the time of working. The charging and discharge
efficiency is high, the life of the battery is long, and the life span is
short.
Second, internal resistance
Internal resistance reflects the movement of lithium ions during the
charging and discharge process. The smaller the internal resistance, the smaller
the resistance of the lithium ion movement. The internal resistance of the
battery consists of three parts: resistance inside the cell, the resistance
between the positive and negative electrodes, and the diaphragm resistor.
Generally speaking, different types of battles are different due to the
different levels of manufacturing process, production environment and process
control, and their internal resistance is different. The internal resistance
inside the cell is too large, which can easily lead to the decomposition of the
electrode material or deposited on the pole. If the internal resistance is too
small, it is easy to cause the battery to open the road and the battery charging
abnormally, resulting in a decrease in battery life. Therefore, the resistance
inside the cell is required during the test. The internal resistance test
instruments are mainly: LFP tester, CB tester, IGBT DC high -pressure generator,
and multimeter. Here are some precautions in the test process:
Third, discharge multiplier
The discharge multiplied rate refers to the discharge in the battery test
with a constant current as the load, from the discharge to the deadline.
Generally, the 1C multiplier is 0.1C discharge, the 2C multiplier is 0.5C
discharge, and the 3C multipliers are 1C discharge. The greater the discharge
multiplier, the more the battery consumed in the use, and the greater the
required power replenishment; if the discharge multipliers are too small, it
will cause the battery to put it, and it will cause a large power loss during
the charging process. Therefore, the appropriate voltage, current and
temperature need to be selected during use. In a normal working environment, the
power lithium batteries used by new energy vehicles are generally 0.5c, 2C and
3C. For lithium batteries of different capacity levels, the discharge multiplier
is also different. Generally use 1C as the maximum current during actual use and
test at different temperatures.
Fourth, high temperature performance
When lithium batteries work in high temperature environments, the
performance will decrease. Batches working in environments with temperature
higher than 60 ° C, their electrochemical response speed will slow down
significantly. Data show that when the battery works at high temperature, its
capacity is only about 75%at room temperature. When charging at room
temperature, the charging capacity is only about 70%at room temperature. This is
because the battery itself has a process of aging, and the number of cycles of
cycles at high temperatures will become less.
5. Excessive charging ability
There are many kinds of power batteries of new energy vehicles. From
ternary to lithium iron phosphate, from lithium ion battery to lead -acid
batteries, from lead -acid batteries to nickel -cadmium and nickel -metal
hydride batteries, the discharge capacity of power batteries on new energy
vehicles is different. 1. Due to the higher the indicators such as energy
density and power density, the greater the charging multiplier, the more the
cycle, the more capacity attenuation will occur. 2. In addition, cars have a so
-called "activation" process when high -power discharge. If you use a lithium
-ion battery under a high power discharge for a long time, the "memory" effect
will be formed, causing capacity attenuation. 3. There is no problem of capacity
attenuation during discharge of lead -acid batteries. Because of its low cost
and environmental protection and pollution -free, it is favored by some car
owners, but its biggest disadvantage is that the storage life is short (only 12
months).
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