It is foreseeable that battery energy storage systems will play an
important role in power frequency regulation.
In recent years, new energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics,
which rely on the weather, have begun to be connected to the grid on a large
scale. Due to the intermittent nature of these power sources, the pulse of the
power grid will inevitably become a little chaotic. As for the right medicine,
traditional thermal power and hydropower unit frequency modulation is still
insufficient, and another good medicine is needed, that is, battery energy
storage.
Since 2018, thermal power and energy storage joint frequency regulation
projects have developed from a spark to a prairie fire, with the number of
projects increasing to more than 20. The regional market has also spread from
North China Power Grid to West Inner Mongolia Power Grid and China Southern
Power Grid, and investment entities and profit sharing models have become
increasingly diversified.
With the advent of the energy storage era, the state and local governments
have issued a series of detailed support policies. It is foreseeable that
battery energy storage systems will play an important role in power frequency
regulation.
establish legal status
At present, my country's frequency-regulated power sources are mainly
thermal power units. By adjusting the active power output of the units, the
frequency changes of the system are tracked. However, the response time lag of
thermal power units is long, the unit ramp rate is low, and the frequency
regulation instructions of power grid dispatching cannot be accurately tracked.
There are phenomena such as adjustment delay, adjustment deviation, and
adjustment reversal. Moreover, the frequent power changes of thermal power units
will increase the fatigue and wear of the unit equipment and affect the
operating life of the unit. In comparison, hydropower units respond quickly and
can reach full power output within a few seconds. However, the construction of
hydropower units is restricted by geographical conditions, and the overall
frequency regulation capacity that can be provided is relatively limited. New
frequency regulation methods are urgently needed to meet the frequency
regulation requirements of the power grid.
As a battery energy storage system, it has fast response speed, strong
short-term power throughput capability, and flexible adjustment. It can achieve
full power output within milliseconds to seconds and achieve precise control at
any power point within the rated power. Research shows that the frequency
regulation efficiency of an energy storage system with a continuous
charge/discharge time of 15 minutes is approximately 1.4 times that of
hydropower units, 2.2 times that of gas-fired units, and 24 times that of
coal-fired units.
Although battery energy storage has obvious advantages in frequency
regulation, it has only been in the past year or two that its independent legal
status has been established. In June 2016, the National Energy Administration
issued the "Notice on Promoting Electric Energy Storage's Participation in the
Pilot Work of the Compensation (Market) Mechanism for Electric Power Auxiliary
Services in the "Three North" Regions", which for the first time gave electric
energy storage facilities the independent legal status to participate in
auxiliary services. .
In October 2017, the National Development and Reform Commission, jointly
with the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Industry and Information
Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Energy
Administration issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of
Energy Storage Technology and Industry", stating that "energy storage systems
and units are allowed to participate in auxiliary service transactions jointly
or as independent entities. "The market mechanism for energy storage to
participate in power frequency regulation ancillary services has been initially
established. That year, many provinces such as Shandong and Xinjiang
successively issued and updated operating rules for the electric power auxiliary
services market. Compensation fees for power frequency regulation ancillary
services continue to grow. Energy storage has appeared many times in the new
policies of various provinces, and its important position in power frequency
regulation auxiliary services has gradually become prominent.
Attack the disease directly
With the large-scale grid connection of high-penetration wind power and
photovoltaics, the problem of insufficient existing frequency regulation
capacity has become increasingly prominent, and new frequency regulation methods
are urgently needed. To improve the frequency stability of the power grid, it is
necessary to improve the regional AGC control performance, that is, to improve
the response ability of the unit to the AGC signal, including response time,
adjustment rate, adjustment accuracy and other indicators. With the massive
access to new energy sources and the development limitations of traditional
power units, battery energy storage technology has become a focus of attention
for new frequency modulation auxiliary means due to its fast and accurate power
response capabilities.
Research shows that the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can complete
AGC dispatch instructions within 1 second, which is almost 60 times the response
speed of thermal power units; at the same time, a small amount of energy storage
can effectively increase the power mainly based on thermal power The overall
frequency modulation capability of the system. Large-scale battery energy
storage systems have fast response times, strong short-term power throughput
capabilities, and are easy to change the adjustment direction. When combined
with conventional frequency modulation power supplies, they can be used as an
effective means to assist traditional frequency modulation units. The rapid
response and accurate tracking capabilities of the battery energy storage system
make it more efficient than conventional frequency regulation methods, which can
significantly reduce the spinning reserve capacity required by the power grid;
the spinning reserve capacity saved by the battery energy storage system's
participation in frequency regulation can be used for grid peak shaving and
emergency backup etc., which can further improve the safety and reliability of
power grid operation.
In addition to its technical advantages, the battery energy storage system
can not only save the investment and operating costs of the power system, reduce
coal consumption, and improve static benefits when participating in power grid
frequency regulation, but also can meet the needs of system operation due to its
fast response and flexible operation. to produce dynamic benefits based on
frequency modulation requirements.
A stone from another mountain?
Abroad, all aspects of battery energy storage technology have gradually
matured, especially in the United States, Chile, Brazil and Finland, where
theoretical research and demonstration verification have been carried out for
large-scale battery energy storage systems to participate in power frequency
regulation.
In my country, the research and demonstration of battery energy storage
technology participating in power grid frequency regulation is still in its
infancy and reference stage. Judging from the energy storage demonstration
projects currently constructed in China, the participation of battery energy
storage systems in power frequency regulation has gradually been recognized and
valued by the industry. Although more in-depth research and demonstration
application work has not yet been carried out, the participation of energy
storage technology in power frequency regulation It will be an important
scientific issue that must be paid attention to in future smart grids.
my country has carried out relatively little theoretical analysis and
research on the application of large-capacity energy storage technology to power
system frequency regulation, and application demonstrations are still in their
infancy. However, although foreign energy storage technology has become mature,
its grid structure and energy structure are far different from those in our
country. Therefore, it is urgent to explore energy storage participation in
power frequency regulation technology that meets the characteristics of our
country's power grid, and increase the use of energy storage in power frequency
regulation. Necessity and value analysis, basic theoretical research and
demonstration research in the field of frequency regulation auxiliary in my
country, the use of energy storage to better serve power frequency regulation
and serve the new generation of "strong" and "smart" power grids.
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