Introduction to the technical characteristics and technical trends of
Nickel Metal Hydride No. 5 battery materials
The lithium-ion battery industry requires the integration of multiple
technologies, including electrochemical technology, production technology,
electronic technology, material development technology, etc. Lithium-ion
batteries not only require continuous development in theory, but also have
relatively high production requirements. It is necessary to rely on excellent
equipment and factory conditions and high-quality technical workers to produce
qualified lithium-ion batteries. Below, the editor of Xianji.com introduces the
technical characteristics and technical trends of Nickel Metal Hydride No. 5
battery materials.
From the technical barriers of raw materials, the technical level of
lithium-ion battery industry is diaphragm> positive electrode material>
electrolyte> negative electrode material. However, the strategic core issue
that has always hindered the industrial application of lithium-ion batteries is
positive electrode materials. On the one hand, positive electrode materials
account for the highest cost in lithium-ion batteries. Reducing the cost of
positive electrode materials is conducive to the promotion and application of
lithium-ion batteries. On the other hand, positive electrode materials are the
decisive factor in the electrochemical function of lithium-ion batteries. At
present, positive electrode materials cannot fully meet the large-scale
application requirements in the field of low-cost electric vehicles and
industrial energy storage.
Positive electrode materials are the most critical raw materials for
lithium-ion batteries. Different positive electrode materials have their own
advantages and disadvantages. According to the needs of low-end products, the
types of positive electrode materials selected are different. The functional
requirements of positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries in the
field of consumer electronics focus on the energy density and safety of
lithium-ion batteries. Lithium cobalt oxide is the main positive electrode
material for lithium-ion batteries in current consumer electronics products; the
functional requirements of positive electrode materials for power batteries are
high voltage, high energy, high power and wide temperature range. Lithium iron
phosphate, lithium manganese oxide and ternary materials are the main raw
materials for positive electrode materials of current power lithium-ion
batteries, among which ternary materials are the trend of positive electrode
materials for future power batteries; in terms of power batteries, lithium
titanate is a new development direction.
Technical characteristics and technical trends of Nickel Metal Hydride No.
5 battery materials
The technology and market of negative electrode materials are relatively
mature, mainly carbon materials, and graphite negative electrode materials have
a certain mainstream advantage in negative electrode materials. The rate
function of conventional graphite negative electrode materials can no longer
meet the needs of low-end products of lithium-ion batteries. In terms of
consumer electronics, it is necessary to increase the energy density of
batteries, and new high-capacity negative electrode materials represented by
silicon-carbon (Si-C) composite materials are the future development trend.
The production technical barriers of diaphragms are the highest. The
diaphragm materials on the market are mainly polyolefin diaphragms based on
polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). The future development trend of the
diaphragm industry is lighter and safer. With the rapid growth of lithium-ion
batteries in consumer electronics, electric vehicles and other application
areas, lithium-ion battery diaphragms must be laid out in advance for future
market outbreaks, and breakthroughs in product performance and quality are
required. The future development trend of diaphragms is to meet the functional
requirements of high power, large capacity, long life cycle, safety and
reliability.
The electrolyte is generally composed of high-purity organic solvents,
electrolyte lithium salts, necessary additives and other materials. It is
manufactured in a certain proportion under certain conditions. Among them, the
electrolyte accounts for the largest proportion of the electrolyte cost and is
also the link with the highest technical barriers in the electrolyte. It is
currently mainly monopolized by Japan and South Korea. Lithium
hexafluorophosphate is the main lithium-ion battery electrolyte in the current
market. The localization level of lithium hexafluorophosphate in my country is
increasing rapidly. The future development trend of electrolyte is to meet the
functional requirements of high voltage, wide temperature range and higher
safety.
From the perspective of current technical development, there are three
major trends in Nickel Metal Hydride No. 5 battery material technology: (1)
Development of large-capacity lithium-ion power batteries for electric vehicles;
(2) Development and application of new high-performance electrode materials,
especially the development of high-performance positive electrode materials; (3)
Further reducing the cost of lithium-ion batteries and improving the safety
function of batteries.
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