The working principle and functions of the BMS lithium battery management
system. The BMS lithium battery management system can ensure the safety of the
power lithium battery pack and is the primary task of the lithium power battery
management system. Battery management system, different cell types often have
different requirements for the management system. Usually BMS lithium battery
system usually includes detection module and calculation control module.
Working principle of BMS lithium battery management system
The BMS lithium battery system, commonly known as battery nanny or battery
butler, is mainly used to intelligently manage and maintain each battery unit,
prevent the battery from overcharging and over-discharging, extend the service
life of the battery, and monitor the status of the lithium battery. The BMS
lithium battery management system unit includes a BMS battery management system,
a control module, a display module, a wireless communication module, electrical
equipment, a battery pack used to power electrical equipment, and a collection
module used to collect battery information from the battery pack. .
The lithium battery management system BMS determines the status of the
entire battery system by detecting the status of each single battery in the
power battery pack, and performs corresponding control adjustments and strategy
implementation on the power battery system based on their status to achieve
control over the power lithium battery system and The charge and discharge
management of each cell ensures the safe and stable operation of the power
battery system.
The topology structure of a typical lithium battery management system is
mainly divided into two major blocks: the master control module and the slave
control module. Specifically, it is composed of a central processing unit, a
data acquisition module, a data detection module, a display unit module, a
control component, etc. Generally, data information communication between
modules is achieved by using internal CAN bus technology.
Based on the functions of each module, BMS can detect the voltage, current,
temperature and other parameters of the power lithium battery in real time,
implement thermal management, balance management, high voltage and insulation
detection of the power battery, and can calculate the remaining capacity and
charge and discharge power of the power battery. and SOC&SOH status.
A good BMS lithium battery management system has a temperature sensor that
can monitor the voltage of an individual battery pack and detect low-performance
batteries before the battery pack is packaged. This 100% testing ensures higher
yields, higher battery capacity and reduced warranty commitments. A good battery
management system also records mechanical impacts, deep discharge dates and
information, so false warranty claims can be avoided. An excellent BMS can also
detect the humidity of lithium battery packs to avoid accidents.
The main task of the BMS lithium battery management system is to ensure the
design performance of the battery system, which can be broken down into the
following three aspects:
1) Safety, protect battery cells or battery packs from damage and prevent
safety accidents;
2) Durability, allowing the battery to operate in a reliable and safe area
and extending the service life of the battery;
3) Dynamic performance, maintaining the battery working in a state that
meets the vehicle requirements.
Functions of BMS lithium battery management system
1. Battery parameter detection. Including total voltage, total current,
single lithium battery voltage detection (to prevent overcharge, overdischarge
and even reverse polarity), temperature detection (it is best to have
temperature sensors for each string of batteries, key cable joints, etc.), smoke
detection (monitoring Electrolyte leakage, etc.), insulation detection
(monitoring leakage), collision detection, etc.
2. Lithium battery status estimation. Including state of charge (SOC) or
depth of discharge (DOD), health state (SOH), functional state (SOF), energy
state, fault and safety state (SOS), etc.
3. Online fault diagnosis. Including fault detection, fault type judgment,
fault location, fault information output, etc. Fault detection refers to using
diagnostic algorithms to diagnose fault types through collected sensor signals
and provide early warning.
4. Battery safety control and alarm. Including thermal system control and
high voltage electrical safety control. After the BMS diagnoses the fault, it
notifies the vehicle controller through the network and requires the vehicle
controller to perform effective processing to prevent high temperature, low
temperature, overcharge, over-discharge, over-current, leakage, etc. from
damaging the lithium battery and personal life.
5.Charging control. There is a charging management module in the BMS, which
can control the charger to safely charge the lithium battery based on the
characteristics of the battery, the temperature and the power level of the
charger.
6. Battery balancing. The existence of inconsistency makes the capacity of
the lithium battery pack smaller than the capacity of the smallest cell in the
pack. Battery balancing is to use active or passive, dissipative or
non-dissipative balancing methods based on single cell information to make the
battery pack capacity as close as possible to the capacity of the smallest
single cell.
7. Thermal management. According to the temperature distribution
information and charging and discharging requirements in the lithium battery
pack, the intensity of active heating/heat dissipation is determined so that the
battery can work at the most suitable temperature as much as possible and give
full play to the battery's performance.
8. Information storage. Used to store key data, such as SOC, SOH, SOF, SOE,
accumulated charge and discharge Ah number, fault codes and consistency, etc.
The real BMS in the vehicle may only have some of the hardware and software
mentioned above. Each battery cell should have at least one battery voltage
sensor and one temperature sensor.
The above is the working principle and function of the BMS lithium battery
management system. There have been many studies on the lithium battery
management system at home and abroad, and it has begun to be applied in many
fields and has been able to meet the needs of some markets.
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