lithium 3400mah 3.7v 18650 battery.Comparison between lithium iron phosphate and ternary materials

　　Among positive electrode materials, the most commonly used materials are lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, and ternary materials (nickel cobalt manganese polymers). At present, foreign-funded Japanese and Korean enterprises mainly use ternary battery materials, which are indeed leading Chinese enterprises in overall technology. However, in the application of the Chinese market, lithium iron phosphate batteries have an advantage over ternary battery materials. Last year, the carrying capacity of lithium iron phosphate reached as high as 20 Gwh, accounting for 73%, while the carrying capacity of ternary material batteries was only 6.3 Gwh, accounting for only 22%.

　　But from a technical perspective, the controversy over the battery route is still ongoing. Will lithium iron phosphate or ternary material batteries play the leading role in the future?

　　From the perspective of energy density, ternary batteries do have an advantage over lithium iron phosphate, and foreign companies such as Tesla, Samsung, and LG use ternary materials; In recent years, the technology of lithium iron phosphate batteries has made great progress, and they have been able to approach ternary material batteries in terms of specific energy. Domestic automotive giant BYD has adopted lithium iron phosphate materials. According to authoritative data, the specific energy of ternary material batteries is 160-200wh/kg, and that of lithium iron phosphate batteries is 120-150wk/kg. However, some experts suggest that the specific energy is not absolute, and it is also possible to achieve a specific energy of 160wh/kg for lithium iron phosphate batteries, but other data needs to be compromised. So, the data of power batteries should be based on market demand. From a cost perspective, it is unintentional that lithium iron phosphate has an advantage. The raw materials for ternary batteries require precious metals, which are expensive and difficult to lower in the future. However, the raw materials for lithium iron phosphate batteries are relatively stable in price and may be significantly reduced in the future. And the ternary materials are mainly supplied by foreign investment, so they are not included in the national subsidy scope, and the cost is definitely higher than lithium iron phosphate; From a safety perspective, lithium iron phosphate also has more advantages. Ternary materials are polymerized with nickel, cobalt, and manganese, and undergo decomposition at a certain temperature. Ternary lithium materials undergo decomposition at a lower temperature of around 200 degrees Celsius, while lithium iron phosphate materials undergo decomposition at around 800 degrees Celsius. Moreover, the chemical reactions of ternary lithium materials are more intense, releasing oxygen molecules, which rapidly ignite the electrolyte under high temperature, leading to chain reactions. Simply put, ternary lithium materials are more prone to ignition than lithium iron phosphate materials. However, it should be noted that we are referring to materials rather than finished batteries. At the beginning of this year, the government issued regulations on the suspension (temporary suspension) of the use of ternary materials in passenger cars, stating that in the short term, the use of ternary materials in the field of passenger cars is not allowed at the policy level, indicating the country's direction.

　　However, lithium iron phosphate batteries have a fatal drawback, which is their poor low-temperature performance. Even if they are nano sized and carbon coated, this problem cannot be solved. Research has shown that a battery with a capacity of 3500mAh, if operated in an environment of -10 ℃ and subjected to less than 100 charging and discharging cycles, will rapidly decay to 500mAh and be basically scrapped. This is not a good thing for the comprehensive national conditions of our country, which has a vast territory and relatively high winter temperatures. In addition, the preparation cost of materials and the manufacturing cost of batteries are relatively high, resulting in low battery yield and poor consistency. This is also an important reason why many pure electric vehicles cannot achieve the nominal range. Therefore, we can see that many new energy vehicles (whether pure electric or hybrid electric) in China, or some relatively inexpensive new energy vehicles, choose lithium iron phosphate for different reasons

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