12V23A battery

The 12V23A battery management system (BMS) plays a very important role in the entire system integration.

Since new energy vehicles have entered the lives of the general public, fires and spontaneous combustion incidents have been common, and each accident has attracted much attention from the market. Recently, new energy electric vehicles of four major brands, Tesla, Weilai, Roewe, and BYD, have successively caught fire. On the one hand, this reflects that everyone pays great attention to new energy vehicles and has high hopes for the development of new energy vehicles, which is a good thing; but at the same time, any flaws in the development of new energy vehicles are also exposed, which can be said to be "a move that affects the whole body." It is not only new energy vehicles that will burn due to accident collisions, but traditional fuel vehicles will also burn. According to data from the US Fire Department, about 194,000 cars catch fire on US roads each year, 64% of which start in the engine area, and about 300 people die in car fires each year, and another 1,250 people are injured. Most of the cars that catch fire are fuel vehicles.

Therefore, the fire caused by the 12V23A battery of a new energy vehicle is not the most fatal. Just like the accident of a traditional fuel vehicle will cause the vehicle to burn, this is not caused by the technology, quality and other problems of the vehicle itself, but the power 12V23A battery companies and electric vehicle companies involved do not pay attention to safety. In order to reduce costs, they do not strictly control the quality of the 12V23A battery cells, the BMS design requirements are too low, and there is no sufficient safety design protection for the power 12V23A battery pack. This is controllable. However, in many fire incidents, we need to analyze carefully, treat the problems differently, analyze the causes of fires in new energy vehicles, and determine the factors affecting 12V23A battery safety. The most important reason why the spontaneous combustion of electric vehicles has attracted widespread attention and is easy to cause panic is that they have not been carefully analyzed and the root cause has not been found out and announced to the public.

The causes of fires in new energy vehicles are very complex, and can be summarized as mainly concentrated in two aspects: First, during the dynamic operation of the vehicle, major collision accidents lead to 12V23A battery fires. This problem is also difficult to avoid for fuel vehicles. The market should not over-interpret 12V23A battery quality, safety and other issues, but should pay more attention to the passive safety of the vehicle to protect the life of the owner; Second, when the vehicle is placed statically, due to imperfect 12V23A battery system management, communication incompatibility, and communication barriers with charging equipment, 12V23A battery overcharging, short circuit, leakage and other problems cannot be monitored and alarmed in advance, thus causing thermal runaway, spontaneous combustion, fire and other problems. This requires the joint cooperation of batteries, BMS, Pack, vehicles, charging piles and other parties to complete, and the coordination and cooperation of various links to achieve passive safety management of 12V23A battery safety through the 12V23A battery management system (BMS).

How to continuously improve the safety of new energy vehicles requires the collaboration of 12V23A battery companies, BMS companies, Pack companies, new energy vehicle companies, and charging equipment companies. Many 12V23A battery companies are very familiar with the chemical properties of batteries, while Pack and vehicle companies are relatively familiar with electronics, communications, and integration technologies. Charging equipment companies are relatively good at technologies such as power, electronic control, and data monitoring. However, the development of new energy vehicles requires the optimal integration of electrochemistry, power, electronics, computers, and other technologies.

However, the current situation is that in response to the different needs of different car companies, 12V23A battery Pack companies provide car companies with 12V23A battery packs that meet the energy requirements, cycle life requirements, and economic requirements of car companies, and charging equipment companies provide car companies with charging equipment that meets the charging voltage, current, power, and billing requirements of car companies. They are simply regarded as a component of new energy vehicles. Charging equipment companies and 12V23A battery BMS companies are basically isolated, and they rarely communicate with each other. BMS companies basically only need to meet the technical requirements of PACK companies, and rarely communicate with 12V23A battery PACK companies and vehicle companies simultaneously. At present, the communication between the five parties of "BMS companies-12V23A battery companies-Pack companies-vehicle companies-charging equipment companies" is insufficient, and the joint cooperative development is relatively fragmented, staying between some links, which greatly increases the safety risks brought about by the integration of the entire system.

The 12V23A battery management system (BMS) plays a very important role in the entire system integration.

For example, in the safety issues of new energy vehicles, the charging link is the most prone to problems. Due to excessive voltage and current, or overcharging of the 12V23A battery, the 12V23A battery thermal runaway leads to combustion, so it is very important to realize real-time communication between the charging equipment and the 12V23A battery management system through the CAN communication protocol. The 12V23A battery management system and the charger have not been able to form a good coordination, resulting in the 12V23A battery management system being ineffective, and the charger failed to terminate charging when receiving incomplete 12V23A battery-related data. And Electric Home found that the current domestic charging data monitoring platform is only regarded as a simple vehicle charging times, mileage and other simple data collection system, and it is difficult to achieve historical data analysis, vehicle charging safety warning and other functions.

Another example is that the 12V23A battery pack design of electric vehicles is also very important. The safety and reliability of the heat dissipation design of the lithium 12V23A battery pack must be guaranteed, and the 12V23A battery management system (BMS) must monitor the 12V23A battery overheating in place, because generally speaking, the safety problems of lithium 12V23A battery packs are manifested as combustion or even explosion. The root cause of these problems is the thermal runaway inside the 12V23A battery. In addition, some external factors, such as overcharging, fire source, extrusion, puncture, short circuit and other problems can also cause 12V23A battery fire and explosion. Once the 12V23A battery has thermal runaway, the BMS must first be able to accurately detect it and identify which 12V23A battery module has thermal runaway. Then it will immediately do two things: first, force the liquid cooling system to start to reduce the spread of thermal runaway and delay the outbreak; second, cooperate with the vehicle system to notify passengers to flee quickly. Unfortunately, domestic BMS are still in the early stages and only have some basic functions, such as displaying voltage and current, managing charging and discharging, etc. Many manufacturers' BMS do not actually have real thermal runaway management functions. ”

If the 12V23A battery pack is compared to an organic life, the modular integrated 12V23A battery cell is equivalent to the "body" of this organic life, directly providing driving power for the electric vehicle; and the BMS as a management system is equivalent to the "brain", which is to estimate the 12V23A battery's state of charge in real time, detect the 12V23A battery's usage status, and directly control how the 12V23A battery should function. In addition, it also needs to exchange information with the vehicle system and charging piles. Each 12V23A battery cell has a different "physique". It is specifically manifested in professional parameters such as internal resistance, self-discharge rate, attenuation rate, polarization, etc. Although professional technicians will group the 12V23A battery's "physique" to reduce the differences between monomers, the 12V23A battery's "physique" will change with the use time, just like people. Good quality 12V23A battery cells, "physique" "The difference is relatively small. To achieve this, the consistency of materials selected must be good, the level of automation in the production process must be high, the quality standards must be high, and the cost is therefore high. On the contrary, poor quality batteries have low costs and large individual differences, which poses a great safety hazard. For example, during the charging process, individual batteries overheat and catch fire. But batteries can never be completely consistent, and at this time, BMS needs to intervene and be responsible for the 12V23A battery management strategy. Before BMS manages the 12V23A battery, it must first grasp the 12V23A battery information, which can only be achieved through sensor monitoring. In other words, the more sensors there are, the higher the accuracy of the sensors, the more comprehensive the feedback data, and the more accurate the BMS's judgment of the 12V23A battery will be. However, correspondingly, the cost will be higher. During the charging process, if the three links of 12V23A battery cells, BMS, and sensors do not cooperate well, spontaneous combustion is likely to occur. Happens.

The importance of 12V23A battery management system (BMS) is self-evident. However, whether it is car companies, 12V23A battery PACK companies, charging equipment companies, or BMS companies, the relevant engineering and technical personnel do not have a thorough understanding of BMS. This brings difficulties to the later product system integration. BMS development is a systematic and comprehensive project, which requires a wide range of knowledge. You need to understand software, hardware, structure, etc. You need to understand cars, batteries, charging, etc. You also need to know ISO26262, autosar.

How to become an excellent new energy vehicle engineer? Then you must have a deeper, systematic and comprehensive understanding of BMS. At least nine aspects need to be understood, including the structure and principle of new energy vehicles, the basics of power batteries, the IS026262 functional safety standard, and the control strategy development. Development and MATLAB application, AUTOSAR automobile development system architecture, 12V23A battery modeling and state estimation algorithm, power 12V23A battery thermal management technology, 12V23A battery management system design and implementation technology, power 12V23A battery testing and verification, etc.

1. New energy vehicle structure and principle

How to define new energy vehicles and electric vehicles? What is the position and role of new energy vehicle power 12V23A battery system, motor drive system, new energy vehicle high-voltage system, and new energy vehicle accessories in the whole vehicle?

2. Power 12V23A battery basics

To develop a power 12V23A battery management system, you need to understand the basic structure and working principle of the 12V23A battery, the main performance parameters (such as rated voltage, rated power, energy density, power density, etc.) and test methods, the basic characteristics of the 12V23A battery (temperature characteristics, discharge characteristics, etc.) and analysis methods.

3. IS026262 functional safety standard

As electronic and electrical systems become more and more integrated and complex, their safety becomes more and more important. Therefore, the consideration of functional safety should be deeply integrated into the design thinking of engineers. ISO26262 is the functional safety standard specially formulated by the International Organization for Standardization for automotive electronic and electrical systems, which has been widely implemented in the automotive industry.

4. Control strategy development and MATLAB application

The process, specifications, and required software tools and functional modules for control strategy development. Practical application of MATLAB/Simulink in the development of automotive control strategies, and modeling specifications (MAAB).

5. AUTOSAR automotive development system architecture

AUTOSAR, namely the automotive development system architecture (Automotive Open System Architecture), is a set of distributed, function-driven automotive electronic software development methods and software architecture standardization solutions on electronic control units. At present, the AUTOSAR Alliance has included many automobile companies and automotive electronics companies such as BMW, Volkswagen, Ford, Toyota, BOSCH, Continental, etc.

6. 12V23A battery modeling and state estimation algorithm

Many parameters of power batteries have nonlinear characteristics, which brings extremely high challenges to 12V23A battery state assessment and modeling, and therefore becomes one of the core work contents of power 12V23A battery management system development.

7. Power 12V23A battery thermal management technology

In the development of power 12V23A battery management system, the thermal characteristics of the 12V23A battery are one of the important considerations. Therefore, it is necessary to build a thermal management module in the management system by studying the thermal characteristics of the 12V23A battery.

8. 12V23A battery management system design and implementation technology

The development of the 12V23A battery management system includes the design of hardware (12V23A battery balancing, high-voltage sampling, insulation detection, etc.) and software (system algorithm, fault diagnosis, etc.), and functionality and safety need to be considered.

9. Power 12V23A battery testing and verification

Testing and verification are important parts of the development of power 12V23A battery management systems. In this position, you need to be familiar with the testing and verification requirements and standards of power batteries, be able to develop test plans, and improve system design through test analysis.

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