1.5v Button battery

　　How to achieve mercury-free silver oxide batteries? What stage is our country’s current technology at?

　　1. Promotion of technology

　　1. Mercury-free technology and equipment for button-type alkaline zinc-manganese batteries. The key technologies for mercury-free alkaline zinc-manganese button batteries mainly include 1.5v Button batterysteel shell structure and surface coating treatment, negative electrode mercury-free zinc powder materials, and positive electrode manganese dioxide materials. With the electrolyte process formula, the mercury content is less than 0.0005%. Key indicators are leak resistance and storage performance. Promoting this technology can make button-type alkaline zinc-manganese batteries mercury-free, reducing mercury consumption by 110 tons per year. At present, the annual output of button-type alkaline manganese batteries reaches more than 8 billion units, 10% of which are mercury-free.

　　2. Mercury-free, cadmium-free and lead-free cardboard zinc-manganese 1.5v Button batterytechnology Mercury-free, cadmium-free and lead-free cardboard zinc-manganese batteries, that is, the mercury, cadmium, and lead contents are less than 0.0005%, 0.002%, and 0.004% respectively. The key points of this technology are the alloy components of the negative electrode zinc cylinder and the machining performance, the combination of organic and inorganic additives to form a corrosion inhibitor to replace mercury chloride, the electrolyte and the positive electrode formula. At present, the output of cardboard zinc-manganese batteries is about 18 billion, of which nearly 10% are mercury-free, cadmium-free, and lead-free. By promoting this technology, existing production lines can be used to achieve mercury-free, cadmium-free and lead-free cardboard zinc-manganese batteries, reducing annual consumption of lead by 336 tons, cadmium by 118 tons, and mercury by 4 tons.

　　3. Wound-type sealed lead-acid 1.5v Button batterytechnology. This technology adopts a rolled lead grid and a rolled-type electrode structure, which improves high-current discharge performance and high and low temperature performance, increases the power density of lead-acid batteries, and reduces lead consumption per unit power density by 1 /4. The wound sealed lead-acid 1.5v Button batterycan replace the existing starter-type lead-acid 1.5v Button batteryand is used in ordinary automobiles and engineering vehicles. It can also be used as a power 1.5v Button batteryin mild hybrid electric vehicles and lightweight electric vehicles. At present, this technology has formed mass production capacity.

　　4. The manufacturing process technology and equipment of lead-acid 1.5v Button batteryplates of stretch-grid, punch-hole, continuous casting and rolling-type lead-acid batteries. The positive and negative plates of lead-acid batteries use grids as carriers of active materials. The expanded mesh grid technology uses cold extrusion molding, which can make the metal structure of the grid dense and significantly improve the corrosion resistance. The grid is thinner than other processes, which reduces lead consumption and reduces the emissions of lead smoke and lead slag. New technologies for grid manufacturing also include punching and continuous casting and rolling processes. At present, the above processes are mainly achieved through the introduction of foreign technology and equipment to achieve large-scale production.

　　5. Cadmium-free technology for lead-acid batteries Cadmium-free technology uses lead-calcium multi-component alloys or other cadmium-free grid alloys to replace cadmium-containing grid alloys, and the cadmium content is less than 0.002%. Promoting this technology can reduce cadmium consumption by 1,800 tons per year and eliminate the risk of cadmium pollution in the production, recycling, and regeneration of lead-acid batteries. Cadmium-free lead batteries currently account for about 15% of electric bicycle batteries.

　　6. Lead-acid 1.5v Button batteryinternal formation process technology At present, some car starter batteries, electric bicycle batteries and other product plates use external formation technology, which generates a large amount of acid mist and acid-containing lead-containing wastewater. Promoting the internal formation process of lead-acid batteries can greatly reduce the generation of lead-containing acid wastewater and acid mist, and reduce the discharge of lead-containing wastewater by approximately 6 million tons per year.

　　2. Application technology

　　1. Paste zinc-manganese 1.5v Button batterymercury-free technology Paste zinc-manganese 1.5v Button batteryis a low-priced traditional product with a total output of about 4 billion. Its characteristic is that the positive electrode uses natural manganese dioxide or active manganese dioxide, but the material has relatively high impurities. It is very difficult to achieve mercury-free production. Mercury-free technology mainly includes improving the purity of cathode materials, using new materials, adjusting the electrolyte formula, replacing mercury chloride with a combination of inorganic and organic additives, and utilizing existing production lines to achieve mercury-free products. Promoting this technology can reduce annual mercury consumption by 22 tons. This technology has been successfully developed and can be applied for demonstration.

　　2. The water-washing process of lead-acid 1.5v Button batteryplate externalization. The water-washing process after the lead-acid 1.5v Button batteryplate externalization is formed produces a large amount of lead-containing acid wastewater. The lead-acid 1.5v Button batteryplates are externally formed into a water-free process. Special treatment liquid is used, or the discharge and reverse charging protection methods are used to treat the formed plates, so that the external plates are transformed into water-free processes, which can reduce the discharge of lead-containing wastewater by 90%. At present, this technology has been successfully developed and has the conditions for pilot application.

　　3. R&D technology

　　1. Develop mercury-free silver oxide 1.5v Button batterytechnology Silver oxide batteries are mainly used in high-end electronic watches and electronic instruments. Their mercury content is about 1% of the weight of the battery. However, it directly enters the environment after being discarded, posing a risk of pollution. In the absence of a recycling and treatment mechanism for silver oxide batteries, it is necessary to start from the source and accelerate the development of new zinc powder alloys, mercury-substitute additives, electrolyte process formulas, and 1.5v Button batterysteel shell structures and surface treatment technology to achieve mercury-free silver oxide batteries. change.

　　2. Research and develop new lead-acid 1.5v Button batterytechnology. The development direction of new lead-acid batteries is to reduce lead consumption, improve 1.5v Button batterymass energy density, mass power density, cycle life and fast charging capability. The current focus is on researching high-performance electrode materials and preparation methods, researching new 1.5v Button batterystructures and manufacturing processes, and improving energy density and power density. New lead-acid batteries include bipolar sealed batteries, super batteries, foam graphite batteries, etc., among which:

　　(1) Bipolar sealed battery. The 1.5v Button batteryadopts a bipolar structure and uses a new ceramic material as the diaphragm. Compared with traditional batteries, it consumes less lead, is light in weight, and is small in size. It has the characteristics of long cycle life, high charge and discharge efficiency, cheap price, and easy recycling.

　　(2) Super battery. Carbon is used to partially or completely replace the lead in the negative electrode. This type of 1.5v Button batteryhas the characteristics of long cycle life, high charging rate, good power characteristics, excellent low-temperature performance, light weight, etc., and can be used as a power source for electric vehicles.

　　(3) Foam graphite battery. The technological innovation of the foam graphite grid sealed 1.5v Button batteryis to abandon the lead grid, retain the active material, and use foam graphite to replace lead, which reduces lead by 70% compared with ordinary lead batteries.

　　3. Research on lead reduction technology for power lead-acid batteries and select lead-reducing additives and desulfation additives to reduce the polarization during the discharge process of lead-acid batteries, overcome sulfation on the plate surface, reduce 1.5v Button batteryinternal resistance, and improve the power characteristics of lead-acid batteries. Reduce the capacity of high-power lead-acid batteries such as starter types, and reduce lead consumption by more than 10% on the existing basis. Lead reduction technology includes the use of ultra-thin plate technology. This technology has been maturely used abroad and is still in the research and development stage in my country.

　　4. Large-scale harmless recycling and regeneration technology of waste lead-acid batteries. The risk of lead pollution in the recycling and regeneration of waste lead-acid batteries is relatively high. At present, the key technical equipment for the recycling of used lead-acid batteries mainly relies on imports. It is necessary to increase the research and development of core technologies and equipment with independent intellectual property rights in mechanical crushing, sorting, lead paste desulfurization, lead regeneration and other aspects, and to develop waste water, waste gas and waste residue pollution. Comprehensive prevention and utilization technology and equipment to achieve large-scale harmless recycling of used lead-acid batteries.

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