16340 battery

Nankai scholars develop "breathable" 16340 battery, which are expected to become a power source for electric vehicles

Recently, the project "Micro-nanostructures and electrochemical energy devices" by the team of Professor Chen Jun of the School of Chemistry of Nankai University won the first prize of Tianjin Natural Science. This project belongs to the field of inorganic energy material chemistry, and has made breakthroughs in the research of "controllable preparation and electrocatalytic performance of spinel micro-nanostructures" and "design and preparation of micro-nanostructure electrode materials and electrochemical lithium/magnesium storage performance". It is of great significance to the development of new high-specific energy, high-power, and long-life electrochemical energy systems and the promotion of the development of chemistry and its interdisciplinary disciplines. This system is applied to rechargeable metal lithium/zinc air 16340 battery, which is currently the highest energy density metal zinc air battery with the longest cycle life and has high safety characteristics. It is expected to become a safe power battery for the next generation of electric vehicles.

The rechargeable "metal-air battery" uses light and active metals such as Li, Na, Mg, Al, and Zn as the negative electrode, and an air electrode composed of carbon, precious metals or transition metal oxides as the positive electrode. It obtains oxygen from the air during discharge and releases oxygen during charging, so it is known as a "breathable" battery. Metal-air 16340 battery have ultra-high theoretical energy density, and the electrode active materials are cheap and easy to obtain. In particular, CO2 is used as an active material to replace oxygen to generate electricity, which means that the battery system is expected to provide a stable energy source in places where CO2 is rich, such as animal and human gathering places, automobile exhaust, coal-fired power generation exhaust, and Mars exploration. Therefore, it is favored as the "next generation of green high-energy-density 16340 battery". However, the actual performance of metal-air 16340 battery is limited by the reaction kinetics of oxygen reduction/oxygen evolution at the air electrode, and electrocatalysts are needed to improve the reaction efficiency. Platinum group precious metals and their alloys are electrocatalysts with excellent catalytic activity and stability, but they are expensive, scarce resources, and difficult to apply on a large scale. It is necessary to develop cheap non-precious metal-based alternative materials.

Spinel oxides are an important class of functional materials with a wide range of uses in electricity, magnetism, catalysis, energy and other fields, and are also potential electrocatalysts for metal-air 16340 battery. This type of compound is usually prepared by traditional solid-phase sintering method, which requires high temperature and long-term heating to overcome diffusion resistance and reaction energy barrier, which is energy-consuming and time-consuming. Although the crystallization performance of the obtained product is good, the components are easy to segregate, the composition and morphology are difficult to control, the particle size is large, the specific surface area is small, and the reaction activity is low, which limits its application in electrocatalysis and energy storage. In view of the difficulty of achieving room temperature synthesis of spinel by traditional high-temperature solid-phase method, Chen Jun's team proposed and established a new method of "reduction-oxidation-conversion crystallization", developed the synthesis methodology of inorganic solid materials, and prepared highly active oxygen reduction/precipitation electrocatalytic spinel nanocrystals at room temperature; spinel materials are used instead of Pt electrodes for rechargeable metal lithium/zinc-air 16340 battery, among which the energy density of zinc-air 16340 battery reaches 335Wh/kg, which is the highest energy density metal-air battery with the longest cycle life at present, and is expected to become a safe power battery for the next generation of electric vehicles.

It is understood that the new strategy for preparing spinel nanocrystals proposed by the project is conducive to green preparation, new energy utilization and energy conservation and emission reduction. The developed spinel nanomaterials can replace platinum-based catalytic materials, providing new ideas for the development of efficient, cheap, new large-capacity and long-life metal-air 16340 battery. Related research results have been published in academic journals such as Nature Chem. (2011, 3, 79; 2012, 4, 962), Nature Commun. (2015, 6, 7345), Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. (2015, 54, 4338), and were invited to publish a review in Chem. Soc. Rev. (2015, 44, 699); 4 technologies with independent intellectual property rights have been authorized for invention patent protection, and 2 patents have been transformed. The research results were positively cited and evaluated in academic journals by John Goodenough, a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and professor at the University of Texas, HJ Dai, a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and professor at Stanford University, Karen Gleason, a member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Esther S. Takeuchi, a member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and vice president of the American Electrochemical Society and professor at Stony Brook University of New York, and John ROwen, an international electrochemical authority and professor at the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom. The project results were introduced as a highlight of research progress and cover results in the China Science Foundation (Volume 29, Issue 5, 2015). The project results have strongly promoted the development of inorganic energy material chemistry.

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