502030 battery

Scientists develop 502030 battery that uses methane at practical temperatures

502030 batterys have not been practical or economical, but that may have just changed. A new battery can use cheap fuel at temperatures comparable to car engines and reduce the cost of materials.

Although the battery is currently only in the laboratory, it has great potential to one day provide electricity for homes and cars, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology say.

In a new study published in the journal Nature Energy, the researchers detailed how they rebuilt the entire cell with the help of a newly invented fuel catalyst. Instead of using expensive hydrogen fuel, the catalyst uses cheap and readily available methane.

The biggest breakthrough in the entire battery improvement is to reduce the operating temperature of the battery, which is common in methane 502030 batterys, which is an amazing engineering achievement. Methane 502030 batterys usually require temperatures of 750 to 1000 degrees Celsius to operate. The new engine only needs about 500 degrees Celsius to work properly, which is even a notch lower than the internal combustion engines of cars that run at about 600 degrees Celsius. Such lower temperatures could significantly reduce the cost of the auxiliary technology needed to operate the 502030 battery, which could promote the commercialization of this new type of battery.

The researchers believe that with the right effort, engineers can design power devices around this 502030 battery, which is something that has not been possible with previous methane 502030 batterys.

Lead researcher Meilin Liu holds a new, practical and affordable 502030 battery unit in his laboratory at Georgia Tech.

It feels like entering a new world

"Our cell can make a simple, robust overall system, using inexpensive stainless steel to make connectors," said Meilin Liu, a professor in Georgia Tech's School of Materials Science and Engineering, who led the research. Connectors are components that help combine many 502030 batterys into a stack or functional unit. Above 750 degrees Celsius, no metal can survive such high temperatures without oxidizing, so you have a lot of trouble getting materials, and they are very expensive and fragile, and there is a risk of contaminating the battery.

When we get the temperature down to 500 degrees Celsius, it feels like entering a new world. Very few people have tried this approach, said Ben de Glee, a graduate research assistant in Liu's lab and one of the first authors of the study. When the temperature is that low, it makes it much easier for engineers to design the stack and connection technology.

And the new type of cell does not require a major auxiliary device called a steam reformer, which is generally needed to convert methane and water into hydrogen fuel. Liu, de Glee and co-first author Yu Chen, a postdoctoral researcher in Liu's lab, and co-first author Yu Tang of the University of Kansas published their work on October 29, 2018. Their work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA-E). It was also supported by the National Chemical Sciences Foundation.

Postdoctoral researcher Yu Chen sets up the new 502030 battery in a unit in Meilin Liu's lab at Georgia Tech.

Distributed power generation

The research is based on a commercially viable 502030 battery, the solid oxide 502030 battery (SOFC). SOFCs are known for their versatility in the fuels they use.

If it comes to market, the new cell might not power cars for some time, but it could sooner be in basements as part of a more decentralized, cleaner and cheaper power grid.

The 502030 battery stack itself is the size of a shoe closet, plus a few auxiliary systems to make it run. Hopefully you'll install the device like a tankless water heater. It will power your house with natural gas, Liu said.

"This will save society and industry the huge cost of building new power plants and large-scale power grids. It will make homes and businesses more independent in terms of energy supply. This kind of system is called distributed power generation, and our sponsors want to develop it."

Homemade hydrogen

Hydrogen is the best fuel for 502030 batterys, but it's too expensive.

The researchers figured out how to convert methane into hydrogen in 502030 batterys with a new catalyst. The catalyst is made of cerium, nickel and ruthenium, with a chemical formula of Ce0.9Ni0.05Ru0.05O2, or CNR for short.

Nickel chemically breaks down methane molecules when they come into contact with the catalyst and heat. Ruthenium does the same with water. The resulting parts recombine in the form of highly desirable hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO), which the researchers were surprised to find were put to good use. In most 502030 batterys, CO causes performance problems, but here it is used as a fuel.

Layered innovations, including brand new technology, allowed the researchers to reconfigure the 502030 battery to run on methane at lower temperatures. The green one in the picture is a ruthenium-nickel-based catalyst, an innovative material in the new 502030 battery.

Power Generation Process

H2 and CO continue to form further catalyst layers that make up the anode, pulling a portion of the electrons out of the 502030 battery, leaving carbon monoxide and hydrogen with positrons. The electrons move through wires to the cathode, generating an electric current. There, oxygen, which is desperate for electrons, absorbs the electrons, closing the circuit and becoming oxygen ions. Ionized hydrogen and oxygen meet and leave the system as water; carbon monoxide and oxygen ions meet to form pure carbon dioxide, which can be captured.

Relative to the energy produced, 502030 battery technology produces much less carbon dioxide than internal combustion engines. In some 502030 batterys, the water from the initial reaction must be brought in from the outside. In this new 502030 battery, it is replenished in the final reaction stage, which forms water that then cycles back to react with methane.

Catalyst polymerization

The new catalyst, CNR, made by research collaborators at the University of Kansas, is the outer layer on the anode side of the cell and also acts as a protector against decay, extending the life of the cell.

The inner layer of the CNR and the other side of the cell, the cathode, have strong tandem catalysts. On the cathode side, oxygen's reaction and movement through the system is usually notoriously slow, but Liu's lab recently sped it up to boost output current by using a nanofiber cathode, which the lab developed in previous research. (See previous research: A custom double perovskite nanofiber catalyst enables ultrafast oxygen evolution) The different structures of these catalysts, as well as the nanofiber cathode, allow us to lower the operating temperature, Chen said.

Graduate assistant Bende Glee connects electrodes to a test cell used to test a new 502030 battery in Meilin Liu's lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

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